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矿山开发导致硫化矿物暴露于氧化环境中,产生大量的酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD),AMD具有低pH、高重金属和硫酸盐的特点[1-3],会对矿区周围水生和土壤生态系统造成严重污染。传统处理方法为化学沉淀法[4],如石灰中和,但其存在废渣产量大、重金属含量高、金属资源浪费等问题,故限制了其大规模的应用。
硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)生物处理技术是一种有效治理AMD的方法,其主要反应过程为:SRB在还原氛围中将
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ 还原为S2−,代谢产物S2−与AMD中重金属离子形成硫化矿物[5-7]。但SRB活性易受AMD (酸、重金属)、代谢产物S2−等毒性抑制,从而导致其处理AMD效率降低。周立祥[8]和狄军贞等[9]发现,SRB最适pH为中性,在pH<5的AMD中,其处理活性较差。UTGIKAR等[10]、GUO等[11]、曹恒恒等[12]发现,Zn2+、Cu2+(≥20 mg·L−1)等重金属对SRB具有毒性抑制作用,且金属硫化物(金属离子与生物硫化物反应形成)是阻碍硫酸盐、有机物进入生物体系的屏障。LEWIS等[13]将SRB生化出水直接与AMD混合反应,发现水相中多硫化物络合物不利于金属去除,且金属沉淀物中包含未知复合物。BIJMANS等[14]报道,硫化物会抑制SRB生长,硫化物的去除可提高SRB活性。汪琦[15]采用两级循环气提工艺,有效解除了H2S对菌群(SRB、产酸菌、产甲烷菌)的毒性抑制。任立人等[16]采用两相厌氧-气提生化法,有效地解除了H2S对高含硫抗生素有机废水内SRB、产甲烷菌的毒性抑制。上述研究仅提出了对SRB活性抑制因素和单一因素的解除,鲜少涉及全面解除SRB(处理AMD)的多重毒性抑制和有效促进SRB活性的研究。本研究采用气提内循环反应器对AMD进行了处理,考察了反应器内涉硫组分的演变、产碱效率、微生物群落结构、重金属的去除,并对重金属沉淀物的纯度进行了分析;综合评估了气提内循环反应器内毒性抑制的解除效果及重金属回收,为AMD的SRB处理及有价金属回收提供应用指导和参考。
Treatment of acid mine drainage by a gas stripping internal circulation reactor with sulfate reducing bacteria
- Received Date: 16/06/2019
- Available Online: 01/04/2020
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Key words:
- acid mine drainage /
- sulfate-reducing bacteria /
- gas stripping internal circulation reactor /
- toxicity inhibition
Abstract: The treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was susceptible to multiple toxicity inhibition such as acid, heavy metal and metabolic sulfur ion. In this study, the gas stripping internal circulation reactor was used to treat AMD, the evolution of sulfur-related components in the reactor, alkali production efficiency, microbial community structure and heavy metals removal were studied. The results showed that the gas stripping internal circulation reactor could effectively eliminate multiple toxicity inhibition, the sulfate removal rate in the system increased from 36.5% to 91.24%, and its alkali production efficiency increased by 3 times, which was obviously superior to the traditional reactor, the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio increased from 48% to 73%. The purity of metal sulfide precipitated by hydrogen sulfide and heavy metals reached 98.12%, the concentrations of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the effluent were 0 and 2 mg·L−1, respectively, which could reach the secondary standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard. This study can provide reference for the efficient control of SRB biotechnology treating AMD.