-
近年来,我国城乡建设不断加快,与经济发展和生活水平提高伴随而来的是生活垃圾产量激增,截至2020年,我国城乡生活垃圾年产量超过两亿吨,同比增长11%以上[1],生活垃圾的处理迫在眉睫. 2021年作为“十四五”计划的开局之年,根据2021年国家发改委颁布的《“十四五”城镇生活垃圾分类和处理设施发展规划》[2],对城镇生活垃圾的处理提出了更加严格的要求,同时明确了生活垃圾的各类处理方式的发展路线,城乡生活垃圾的处理成为促进我国城乡更好更快发展的关键.
我国生活垃圾常用的处理方式主要有填埋、焚烧和堆肥,由于生活垃圾种类日益复杂、地区差异性较大,城乡生活垃圾处理方式需要因地制宜. 填埋是国内目前主要的垃圾处理方式,但由于该方法需要占用大量土地,在经济发达、人口众多的地区使用和推广受限,生活垃圾的主要处理技术逐步向其他方式转移. 焚烧技术适用于绝大多数生活垃圾,尤其是对于木竹类、纺织类等易燃物处理效率更高,且无害化程度可达90%以上[3-4],是一种有前景的生活垃圾处理方式. 此外,国家政策也逐渐向焚烧技术转移,尤其是以填埋为主的西北地区[5],因此,我国未来将形成以焚烧技术为主,其他处理方式协同多元化发展的产业结构. 此外,生活垃圾焚烧有利于热能回收与发电,是一种有效的资源化手段,根据数据统计,平均每吨垃圾焚烧后发电量250—350 kW·h,有效实现CO2的减排[6- 8],是我国“碳中和”愿景下的一种有前景的生活垃圾处理方法.
我国城乡规划与发展有较大差异,城市生活垃圾的产生量较大、对焚烧设备处理量的需求较高,但由于乡镇居民人口相对分散、区域间生活垃圾的清运和收集比较困难,焚烧技术可以满足乡镇垃圾高效处理的需求,但目前市面上稳定运行的焚烧装置的处理量相对较大,适用于乡镇生活垃圾焚烧处理的炉型仍在中试阶段[6],总结综述相关研究结果对未来装置放大和工业化应用具有重要意义. 此外,焚烧技术在生活垃圾处理上的应用仍然受限,存在垃圾分类不完善带来的入炉垃圾热值较低、燃烧不完全、垃圾入炉前堆放产生的渗滤液等环境污染问题. 目前关于城乡生活垃圾的具体统计数据相对较少,针对垃圾焚烧技术地区差异性的总结和在十四五规划下焚烧技术发展趋势的报道较少,在国家针对城乡生活垃圾的处理日益关注的现状下,城乡生活垃圾的焚烧技术值得继续深入探讨.
本文系统地综述了我国城乡生活垃圾的产生和几种处理方式的比较,同时对我国不同区域城乡的生活垃圾焚烧现状和焚烧发电技术进行总结,分析生活垃圾焚烧技术存在的问题,并对生活垃圾焚烧技术的发展趋势进行展望,为城乡生活垃圾的焚烧处理提供一定的支撑.
焚烧技术在城乡生活垃圾处理中的应用现状与进展
Application status and progress of incineration technology for treatment of municipal and rural solid waste
-
摘要: 我国城乡经济高速发展,伴随的是生活垃圾产量的激增,严重危害生活环境. 因此,生活垃圾的有效处理已成为我国城乡建设持续发展的重要问题. 焚烧技术由于具有缩小体积、消毒杀菌、能量回收等优点,在生活垃圾的处理领域取得了诸多进展,目前已逐步取代垃圾填埋方式,占据我国生活垃圾处理的主要市场. 本文从我国城乡生活垃圾的产生和处理方式入手,系统地综述了我国各地区生活垃圾排放特征和焚烧技术的应用现状,对比了城乡生活垃圾焚烧炉型的差异和焚烧发电技术的应用进展. 同时,针对焚烧技术存在的问题,提出有效的解决办法,并对焚烧技术的未来发展趋势进行展望.Abstract: The rapid economic development of municipal and rural areas in China is accompanied by a surge in solid waste production, which seriously endangers the living environment. Therefore, the effective disposal of solid waste has become an important aspect for the sustainable development of municipal and rural areas in China. Incineration technology has made great progress in the field of solid waste treatment due to its advantages of volume reduction, disinfection and energy recovery, etc. It has gradually replaced the landfill technology, and occupied the main market of solid waste treatment in China. This paper systematically reviews the characteristics of solid waste emission, and analysis the current application of incineration technology in various regions of China from the generation and treatment of municipal and rural solid waste. In addition, the differences of incinerator between municipal and rural domestic waste are compared, and the progress of incineration power generation is also summarized. At the same time, the effective solutions are proposed aimed at the existing problems of incineration technology, and the future development trend of incineration technology is proposed.
-
表 1 常规生活垃圾焚烧处理技术比较
Table 1. Comparison of conventional domestic waste incineration treatment technologies
垃圾焚烧技术
Waste incineration
technology炉排炉技术
Grate furnace technology循环流化床技术
Circulating fluidized bed technology回转窑技术
Rotary kiln technology工艺简介 垃圾位于炉排上方,炉排通过运动带动垃圾位移,形成预热段,燃烧段和燃尽段 一般以石英砂作为流化床料,气体带动床层床料和垃圾,速度增大时物料变为流化状态 垃圾在回转窑内完成水分蒸发、挥发分析出、着火及燃烧的过程,灰渣由二燃室底部排出,烟气进入二燃室再燃 优点 燃烧稳定,飞灰量较少(约为垃圾量的3%—5%),炉渣热灼减率低,技术相对成熟,运行时间长 燃烧效率在95%—99%,炉温可控制在850—950 ℃,点火启动成本较低,对不均质垃圾适应性好,可以实现渗滤液伴烧,有利于环境安全 适应性广,操作可靠,燃烧完全,运行平稳,设备费用低 缺点 点火启动耗费较大 飞灰量较大(约为垃圾量的10%—15%),CO排放超标,需要控制物料的粒径,处理量较小 对于热值较低、含水量较高的生活垃圾焚烧效率低 单台处理能力 800—1200 t·d−1 600 t·d−1 800 t·d−1 运行时间 >8000 h 6000 h 6000 h -
[1] 2013—2020年全国生态环境统计公报[DB]. 中华人民共和国生态环境部, 2013—2020. National ecological and environmental statistics bulletin 2013—2020 [DB]. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, 2013—2020.
[2] “十四五”城镇生活垃圾分类和处理设施发展规划[R]. 国家发展改革委, 2021. “The 14th five-year plan” for the development of urban domestic waste separation and treatment facilities [R]. National Development and Reform Commission, 2021.
[3] 严密, 熊祖鸿, 李晓东, 等. 中美城市生活垃圾焚烧处置现状和发展趋势 [J]. 环境工程, 2014, 32(3): 87-91. YAN M, XIONG Z H, LI X D, et al. Development trend and present status of municipal solid waste incineration in China and the us [J]. Environmental Engineering, 2014, 32(3): 87-91(in Chinese).
[4] 丁晨曦, 严爱军. 城市生活垃圾热值的特征变量选择方法及预测建模 [J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2021, 47(8): 874-885. DING C X, YAN A J. Characteristic variable selection method and predictive modeling for municipal solid waste heat value [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2021, 47(8): 874-885(in Chinese).
[5] 关于全面加强生态环境保护坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见[EB/OL]. 2018. Opinions on comprehensively strengthening ecological environmental protection and resolutely fighting the battle of pollution prevention and control [EB/OL]. 2018.
[6] 赵勇. 乡镇生活垃圾收运系统设计剖析 [J]. 中国市政工程, 2019(4): 43-46,115. ZHAO Y. Design & analysis of township domestic waste collection & transportation system [J]. China Municipal Engineering, 2019(4): 43-46,115(in Chinese).
[7] 张霞, 黄乐. 城市生活垃圾焚烧处理的环境保护措施 [J]. 环境影响评价, 2021, 43(3): 51-54. ZHANG X, HUANG L. Measures of environmental protection of domestic solid waste incineration [J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2021, 43(3): 51-54(in Chinese).
[8] 李玉焯, 王文波. 生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的节能与碳减排分析 [J]. 有色冶金节能, 2014, 30(3): 37-41. LI Y Z, WANG W B. An analysis of energy saving and carbon emission reduction in project of power generation from MSW incineration [J]. Energy Saving of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2014, 30(3): 37-41(in Chinese).
[9] 2013-2020年中国统计年鉴 [M]. 国家统计局, 2013-2019. China Statistical Yearbook 2013-2020 [M]. National Bureau of Statistics, 2013-2020.
[10] 李丹, 陈冠益, 马文超, 等. 中国村镇生活垃圾特性及处理现状 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(11): 4187-4197. LI D, CHEN G Y, MA W C, et al. Characteristics and treatment status of rural solid waste in China [J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(11): 4187-4197(in Chinese).
[11] 陈家军, 王浩, 张娜, 等. 厨余垃圾填埋产气过程实验模拟研究 [J]. 中国沼气, 2008, 26(3): 22-25. CHEN J J, WANG H, ZHANG N, et al. Study on the generation process of landfill gas from kitchen waste by laboratory simulation [J]. China Biogas, 2008, 26(3): 22-25(in Chinese).
[12] EDWARDS J, OTHMAN M, CROSSIN E, et al. Life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impact of seven contemporary food waste management systems [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 248: 156-173. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.070 [13] 张玉冬, 张红玉, 顾军, 等. 通风方式对厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响[J]. 环境工程, 2015, 33(S1): 619-622. ZHANG Y D, ZHANG H Y, GU J, et al. Effects of aeration modes on the maturity during kitchen waste composting[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2015, 33(Sup 1): 619-622(in Chinese).
[14] 李欢, 周颖君, 刘建国, 等. 我国厨余垃圾处理模式的综合比较和优化策略 [J]. 环境工程学报, 2021, 15(7): 2398-2408. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202102050 LI H, ZHOU Y J, LIU J G, et al. Comprehensive comparison and optimal strategies of food waste treatment modes [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(7): 2398-2408(in Chinese). doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202102050
[15] 蹇瑞欢, 吴剑, 宋薇. 生活垃圾焚烧与餐厨垃圾处理协同处置的分析研究 [J]. 环境卫生工程, 2018, 26(2): 26-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8206.2018.02.008 JIAN R H, WU J, SONG W. Analysis of cooperative disposal of municipal solid waste incineration and food waste treatment [J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2018, 26(2): 26-28(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8206.2018.02.008
[16] 袁文祥, 陈善平, 邰俊, 等. 我国垃圾填埋场现状、问题及发展对策 [J]. 环境卫生工程, 2016, 24(5): 8-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8206.2016.05.002 YUAN W X, CHEN S P, TAI J, et al. Present situation, problems and development countermeasures of landfill in China [J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2016, 24(5): 8-11(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8206.2016.05.002
[17] 刘全美, 常加富, 张兆玲, 等. 生活垃圾热解气化燃烧试验研究 [J]. 化工管理, 2021(16): 96-98. LIU Q M, CHANG J F, ZHANG Z L, et al. Experimental study on pyrolysis gasification and combustion of domestic wastes [J]. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2021(16): 96-98(in Chinese).
[18] 袁寅强, 杨旭. 我国生活垃圾焚烧发电技术现状及展望 [J]. 节能技术, 2021, 39(3): 285-288. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6339.2021.03.019 YUAN Y Q, YANG X. Review and outlook of waste incineration power generation technology [J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2021, 39(3): 285-288(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6339.2021.03.019
[19] 马盛伟, 朱磊, 李彬, 等. 城市生活垃圾生产现状及处置方式的研究进展 [J]. 四川建材, 2020, 46(7): 24-25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4011.2020.07.012 MA S W, ZHU L, LI B, et al. Research progress on the current status of urban domestic waste production and disposal methods [J]. Sichuan Building Materials, 2020, 46(7): 24-25(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4011.2020.07.012
[20] 邓乂寰, 刘抒悦, 吴坤, 等. 中国生活垃圾主要处理方式和年运行费用分析及“十四五”政策研究 [J]. 环境科学与管理, 2021, 46(4): 9-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2021.04.007 DENG Y H, LIU S Y, WU K, et al. Analysis on disposal methods and annual costs of domestic waste in China and policy suggestions for the 14th five-year plan [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2021, 46(4): 9-13(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2021.04.007
[21] 田阳, 项娟, 路垚, 等. 生活垃圾堆肥处理研究 [J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2020, 38(11): 56-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2020.11.016 TIAN Y, XIANG J, LU Y, et al. Research on domestic waste composting treatment [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(11): 56-60(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2020.11.016
[22] 温俊明, 吴俊锋. 中国城市生活垃圾特性及焚烧处理现状 [J]. 上海电气技术, 2009, 2(1): 43-48. WEN J M, WU J F. The characteristics of the MSW in China and its incineration treatment status [J]. Journal of Shanghai Electric Technology, 2009, 2(1): 43-48(in Chinese).
[23] ZENG C, NIU D J, LI H F, et al. Public perceptions and economic values of source-separated collection of rural solid waste: A pilot study in China [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2016, 107: 166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.12.010 [24] 第二次全国污染源普查公报[EB/OL]. 2020. The second national pollution source census bulletin [EB/OL]. 2020.
[25] 王月, 王劢博, 杨悦, 等. 西北生态脆弱区城市生活垃圾处理厂适用性评价 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(12): 5933-5942. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2021.12.050 WANG Y, WANG M B, YANG Y, et al. The optimization of municipal solid waste treatment technology in the ecological fragile areas of northwest China [J]. China Environmental Science, 2021, 41(12): 5933-5942(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2021.12.050
[26] 赵磊, 陈德珍, 刘光宇, 等. 垃圾热化学转化利用过程中碳排放的两种计算方法 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(8): 1634-1641. ZHAO L, CHEN D Z, LIU G Y, et al. Two calculation methods for greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste thermo-chemical conversion and utilization processes [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010, 30(8): 1634-1641(in Chinese).
[27] 徐海云. 垃圾焚烧未来有可能实现“负碳” [J]. 环境经济, 2021(12): 42-45. XU H Y. The future of waste incineration has the potential to achieve negative carbon [J]. Environmental Economy, 2021(12): 42-45(in Chinese).
[28] LU J W, ZHANG S K, HAI J, et al. Status and perspectives of municipal solid waste incineration in China: A comparison with developed regions [J]. Waste Management , 2017, 69: 170-186. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.014 [29] 邰旭萍. 城市生活垃圾处理、处置和利用技术分析 [J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2021, 39(9): 99-101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.09.030 TAI X P. Technical analysis of municipal solid waste treatment, disposal and utilization [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 39(9): 99-101(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.09.030
[30] 符鑫杰, 李涛, 班允鹏, 等. 垃圾焚烧技术发展综述 [J]. 中国环保产业, 2018(8): 56-59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5377.2018.08.013 FU X J, LI T, BAN Y P, et al. Overview on technical development of refuse incineration [J]. China Environmental Protection Industry, 2018(8): 56-59(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5377.2018.08.013
[31] 武建业. 城市生活垃圾焚烧处理技术综述 [J]. 甘肃科技, 2020, 36(5): 22-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0952.2020.05.010 WU J Y. Overview of municipal domestic waste incineration treatment technology [J]. Gansu Science and Technology, 2020, 36(5): 22-26(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0952.2020.05.010
[32] 方朝军, 任超峰, 王武忠, 等. 浅析大容量生活垃圾循环流化床焚烧炉的技术特点与调试运行 [J]. 工业锅炉, 2019(3): 37-40. FANG C J, REN C F, WANG W Z, et al. Technical characteristics and commissioning operation of large capacity circulating fluidized bed incinerator for domestic waste [J]. Industrial Boilers, 2019(3): 37-40(in Chinese).
[33] LIU G R, ZHAN J Y, ZHENG M H, et al. Field pilot study on emissions, formations and distributions of PCDD/Fs from cement kiln co-processing fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerations [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 299: 471-478. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.052 [34] 江旭昌. 我国水泥窑炉协同处置城市生活垃圾的十种技术模式简介(三) [J]. 中国水泥, 2021(5): 75-81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8321.2021.05.015 JIANG X C. Introduction of ten technical modes of co-disposal of MSW in cement kilns in China (III) [J]. China Cement, 2021(5): 75-81(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8321.2021.05.015
[35] 尤海辉. 循环流化床垃圾焚烧炉燃烧优化试验研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021. YOU H H. CFB MSW incinerator combustion optimization & experimental research[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2021(in Chinese).
[36] 马家瑜, 卢志强, 周利强, 等. 生活垃圾循环流化床焚烧炉高温分离灰的危害性分析[C]. 环境科学学会环境工程分会, 天津: 2021. MA J Y, LU Z Q, ZHOU L Q, et al. Hazardous analysis of high-temperature separation ash from solid waste circulating fluidized bed incinerator[C]. Environmental Engineering Branch of the Society of Environmental Science, Tianjin: 2021.
[37] 张钦华. 一种垃圾焚烧炉炉排片的设计与应用 [J]. 工业锅炉, 2021(5): 17-23. ZHANG Q H. Design and application of MSW incinerator grate bar [J]. Industrial Boilers, 2021(5): 17-23(in Chinese).
[38] 田艺. 一种垃圾焚烧炉排炉炉排运行装置 [J]. 科学技术创新, 2021(23): 153-154. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2021.23.072 TIAN Y. A kind of garbage incineration grate furnace grate operating device [J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2021(23): 153-154(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2021.23.072
[39] 王维, 熊锦. 我国农村生活垃圾治理研究综述及展望 [J]. 生态经济, 2020, 36(11): 195-201. WANG W, XIONG J. Current research and prospect on rural household trash management in China [J]. Ecological Economy, 2020, 36(11): 195-201(in Chinese).
[40] 操建华. 乡村振兴视角下农村生活垃圾处理 [J]. 重庆社会科学, 2019(6): 44-54. CAO J H. Research on rural domestic waste disposal under the perspective of rural revitalization [J]. Chongqing Social Sciences, 2019(6): 44-54(in Chinese).
[41] 刘细良, 陈敏. 农村生活垃圾治理问题与进路: 一个文献综述 [J]. 天津商业大学学报, 2020, 40(3): 39-47. LIU X L, CHEN M. Problems and approaches of rural household waste governance: A literature review [J]. Journal of Tianjin University of Commerce, 2020, 40(3): 39-47(in Chinese).
[42] 习近平. 决胜全面建成小康社会 夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利: 在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[N]. 人民日报, 2017-10-28(1). XI J P. Winning to build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects to seize the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era - Report at the 19th national congress of the communist party of china[N]. People's Daily, 2017.
[43] 黄开兴, 王金霞, 白军飞, 等. 农村生活固体垃圾排放及其治理对策分析 [J]. 中国软科学, 2012(9): 72-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2012.09.007 HUANG K X, WANG J X, BAI J F, et al. Production of rural domestic solid waste and policy countermeasures [J]. China Soft Science, 2012(9): 72-79(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2012.09.007
[44] 饶国燃, 苏晔琳, 罗绵辉. 一种小型低污染垃圾焚烧炉方案研究 [J]. 价值工程, 2018, 37(28): 186-188. RAO G R, SU Y L, LUO M H. Study on a small and low pollution waste incinerator [J]. Value Engineering, 2018, 37(28): 186-188(in Chinese).
[45] 刘毓彬, 刘志章, 朱睿. 小型农村固体废弃物焚烧炉炉拱结构的研究 [J]. 节能, 2020, 39(1): 68-70. LIU Y B, LIU Z Z, ZHU R. Research on the arch structure of small rural solid waste incinerator [J]. Energy Conservation, 2020, 39(1): 68-70(in Chinese).
[46] 房建忠, 岳湖生, 赵燕妮. 小型旋转炉排生活垃圾焚烧炉[Z]. 桑德环境资源股份有限公司, 2013. FANG J J, YUE H S, ZHAO Y N. Small-scale rotary grate domestic waste incinerator [Z]. Sound environmental resource CO. LTD, 2013.
[47] 范妮. 国内生活垃圾焚烧发电项目研究进展 [J]. 湖北大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(6): 690-697. FAN N. Research progress on power generation project of domestic waste incineration in China [J]. Journal of Hubei University (Natural Science), 2021, 43(6): 690-697(in Chinese).
[48] 王海敏. 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术及烟气处理 [J]. 能源与节能, 2021(4): 94-95,214. doi: 10.16643/j.cnki.14-1360/td.2021.04.038 WANG H M. Municipal domestic waste incineration power generation technology and flue gas treatment [J]. Energy and Energy Conservation, 2021(4): 94-95,214(in Chinese). doi: 10.16643/j.cnki.14-1360/td.2021.04.038
[49] 2020年中国生物质发电产业发展报告[R]. 中国产业发展促进会生物质能产业分会, 2020. China biomass power industry development report 2020 [R]. China Association for Promotion of Industrial Development Biomass Energy Industry Branch, 2020.
[50] 李俊峰. 我国生物质能发展现状与展望 [J]. 中国电力企业管理, 2021(1): 70-73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3361.2021.01.018 LI J F. Biomass energy development status and outlook in China [J]. China Power Enterprise Management, 2021(1): 70-73(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3361.2021.01.018
[51] 郭东岳, 刘光伟. 在“双碳”背景下垃圾焚烧发电企业面临的机遇与风险 [J]. 能源与节能, 2021(10): 84-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0802.2021.10.031 GUO D Y, LIU G W. Opportunities and risks faced by enterprises generating electricity through waste incineration in context of “peak carbon dioxide emissions & carbon neutrality” [J]. Energy and Energy Conservation, 2021(10): 84-85(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0802.2021.10.031
[52] 谭丰, 蔡凌飞. 生活垃圾及生物质焚烧发电一体化项目概论 [J]. 工程建设与设计, 2021(21): 27-28,32. TAN F, CAI L F. Introduction to integrated project of municipal solid waste incineration and biomass power plant [J]. Construction & Design for Engineering, 2021(21): 27-28,32(in Chinese).
[53] 房德职, 李克勋. 国内外生活垃圾焚烧发电技术进展 [J]. 发电技术, 2019, 40(4): 367-376. doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.18234 FANG D Z, LI K X. An overview of power generation from municipal solid waste incineration plants at home and abroad [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2019, 40(4): 367-376(in Chinese). doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.18234
[54] 姚金楠. 生物质发电中央补贴将有序退出[N]. 中国能源报, 2021-08-23(2). YAO J N. Central subsidies for biomass power generation will be withdrawn in an orderly manner[N]. 2021-08-23.
[55] 王波, 单明. 垃圾焚烧发电产业即将进入成熟期冲刺阶段 [J]. 环境经济, 2021(1): 45-49. WANG B, SHAN M. Waste-to-energy industry is about to enter the maturity sprint stage [J]. Environmental Economy, 2021(1): 45-49(in Chinese).
[56] JIANG X G, LI Y H, YAN J H. Hazardous waste incineration in a rotary kiln: A review [J]. Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 2019, 1(1): 3-37. [57] 许登月, 孙涛. 生活垃圾焚烧发电项目施工期环境保护管理模式研究: 以平顶山生活垃圾焚烧热电联产项目为例 [J]. 环境科学与管理, 2021, 46(6): 5-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2021.06.003 XU D Y, SUN T. Research on the management mode of environmental protection for the projects of domestic waste incineration for power generation during their construction: taking the project of domestic waste incineration for cogeneration in Pingdingshan as an example [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2021, 46(6): 5-9(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2021.06.003
[58] 牛继宗. 生活垃圾再生固体燃料燃烧效率与排放特性 [J]. 齐鲁工业大学学报, 2020, 34(5): 25-30. doi: 10.16442/j.cnki.qlgydxxb.2020.05.004 NIU J Z. Combustion efficiency and emission performance of solid fuel from household waste [J]. Journal of Qilu University of Technology, 2020, 34(5): 25-30(in Chinese). doi: 10.16442/j.cnki.qlgydxxb.2020.05.004
[59] 蓝小波, 秦为军, 孙广飞, 等. 蒸汽—空气预热器在垃圾焚烧炉的应用及设计分析 [J]. 工业锅炉, 2021(4): 27-29. LAN X B, QIN W J, SUN G F, et al. Application and design of steam-air-preheater in MSW incinerator [J]. Industrial Boilers, 2021(4): 27-29(in Chinese).
[60] 朱传强, 茹晋波, 扈明东, 等. 垃圾焚烧电厂高分子非催化还原(PNCR)脱硝技术应用分析 [J]. 工程热物理学报, 2021, 42(6): 1600-1607. ZHU C Q, RU J B, HU M D, et al. Application analysis of polymer non-catalytic reduction of NOx in waste incineration [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2021, 42(6): 1600-1607(in Chinese).
[61] 张益阳. 热解气化炉技术在国内垃圾焚烧发电工程中的应用 [J]. 中国金属通报, 2019(10): 262-263. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1667.2019.10.161 ZHANG Y Y. Application of pyrolysis gasifier technology in domestic waste incineration power generation project [J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2019(10): 262-263(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1667.2019.10.161
[62] 翟树达. 垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理技术分析 [J]. 南宁师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 38(1): 78-82. ZHAI S D. Review of leachate treatment technology in waste incineration plant [J]. Journal of Nanning Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 38(1): 78-82(in Chinese).
[63] 冯华一. 生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理及利用方法研究 [J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2021, 39(6): 43-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.06.013 FENG H Y. Research on treatment and utilization methods of leachate in domestic waste landfill [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 39(6): 43-45(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.06.013
[64] 王锦雪, 邵立明, 吕凡, 等. 生活垃圾收运及处理处置过程中产生恶臭的监测和分析方法 [J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 1058-1068. doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0748 WANG J X, SHAO L M, LYU F, et al. Monitoring and analysis methods for malodor generated during the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of domestic waste [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 1058-1068(in Chinese). doi: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0748
[65] 苏猛业, 汪杰斌. 生活垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液处理设计要点分析 [J]. 科技创新与应用, 2021, 11(30): 68-71. doi: 10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2021.30.016 SU M Y, WANG J B. Analysis on main points of leachate treatment design of MSW incineration plant [J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2021, 11(30): 68-71(in Chinese). doi: 10.19981/j.CN23-1581/G3.2021.30.016
[66] 程治良, 全学军, 陈波, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液蒸发浓缩处理 [J]. 环境工程学报, 2012, 6(10): 3645-3650. CHENG Z L, QUAN X J, CHEN B, et al. Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste incinerator plants by evaporation [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 6(10): 3645-3650(in Chinese).
[67] 李海青, 刘欣艳, 孙宇, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处理过程有机物特性分析 [J]. 环境科学与技术, 2020, 43(7): 154-159. doi: 10.19672/j.cnki.1003-6504.2020.07.021 LI H Q, LIU X Y, SUN Y, et al. Characteristic analysis of organic matter through treatment processes of leachate in a MSW incineration plant [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 43(7): 154-159(in Chinese). doi: 10.19672/j.cnki.1003-6504.2020.07.021
[68] 卜银坤. 生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液全部入炉焚烧技术 [J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2019, 9(3): 302-310. BU Y K. Research on incineration technology of returning all leachate to incinerator in MSW incineration power plant [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2019, 9(3): 302-310(in Chinese).
[69] 李进, 刘宗宽, 贺延龄. 城市生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液产甲烷潜力 [J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(2): 457-464. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201807196 LI J, LIU Z K, HE Y L. Methane production potential of the leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019, 13(2): 457-464(in Chinese). doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201807196
[70] 晁榕珠. 有机废水作为水泥窑脱硝剂的实验研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2019. CHAO R Z. Experimental study on organic wasterwater as denitration agent for cement kiln[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum, 2019(in Chinese).
[71] SHI D Z, WU W X, LU S Y, et al. Effect of MSW source-classified collection on the emission of PCDDs/Fs and heavy metals from incineration in China [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 153(1/2): 685-694. [72] 郭施宏, 陆健. 城市环境治理共治机制构建: 以垃圾分类为例[J]. 中国特色社会主义研究, 2020, 11(S1): 132-141. GUO S H, LU J. Setting up mechanism for co-participating urban environmental governance—taking waste sorting for example[J]. Studies on Socialism With Chinese Characteristics, 2020, 11(Sup 1): 132-141(in Chinese).
[73] 艾扬, 罗院生, 贾召坤, 等. 浅谈垃圾分类对生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的影响 [J]. 能源与环境, 2021(5): 110-112. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9064.2021.05.041 AI/YI) Y, LUO Y S, JIA Z K, et al. Discussion on the influence of garbage classification on domestic garbage incineration power plant [J]. Energy and Environment, 2021(5): 110-112(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9064.2021.05.041
[74] 常纪文, 吴雄, 孙天一. 推行我国农村垃圾分类和集中处理的法制思考 [J]. 环境保护, 2019, 47(12): 11-17. doi: 10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2019.12.003 CHANG J W, WU X, SUN T Y. Thoughts on legal systems of promoting waste classification and centralized processing in Chinese rural area [J]. Environmental Protection, 2019, 47(12): 11-17(in Chinese). doi: 10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2019.12.003
[75] 代涛. 城镇生活垃圾分类对垃圾焚烧发电影响的应对措施 [J]. 皮革制作与环保科技, 2021, 2(13): 124-125. DAI T. Measures to deal with the impact of municipal solid waste classification on waste incineration power generation [J]. Leather Manufacture and Environmental Technology, 2021, 2(13): 124-125(in Chinese).
[76] 任中山, 陈瑛, 王永明, 等. 生活垃圾分类对垃圾焚烧发电产业发展影响的分析 [J]. 环境工程, 2021, 39(6): 150-153,206. REN Z S, CHEN Y, WANG Y M, et al. Analysis of influence of domestic waste classification on development of waste incineration power generation industry in China [J]. Environmental Engineering, 2021, 39(6): 150-153,206(in Chinese).
[77] 祝华军, 田志宏, 杨学军. 生活垃圾分类能引导源头农产品消费减量吗?: 来自上海市的证据 [J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(11): 264-274. doi: 10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.11.26 ZHU H J, TIAN Z H, YANG X J. Does the domestic waste sorting promote the source reduction in agricultural products consumption?: An empirical analysis based on 718 questionnaires in Shanghai [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(11): 264-274(in Chinese). doi: 10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.11.26
[78] 温冬, 郑凤才, 王明飞. 垃圾分类政策实施后对北京市现有焚烧设施的影响及对策 [J]. 环境卫生工程, 2020, 28(5): 88-92. doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2020.05.017 WEN D, ZHENG F C, WANG M F. Impact and measures on the existing incineration facilities in Beijing after the waste classification policy implementation [J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2020, 28(5): 88-92(in Chinese). doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2020.05.017
[79] 徐振威, 吴晓晖. 生活垃圾分类对垃圾主要参数的影响分析 [J]. 环境卫生工程, 2021, 29(1): 26-31. doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2021.01.005 XU Z W, WU X H. Analysis of the influence on the main parameters of waste of MSW classification [J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2021, 29(1): 26-31(in Chinese). doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2021.01.005
[80] 林成淼, 陈丽君, 吴洁珍. 生活垃圾分类对固体废弃物和温室气体协同减排的影响研究: 以浙江省为例 [J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2021, 46(1): 90-94. LIN C M, CHEN L J, WU J Z. Research on the impact of domestic waste classification on synergistic emission reduction of solid waste and greenhouse gases: A case study of Zhejiang Province [J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2021, 46(1): 90-94(in Chinese).
[81] 张爱军, 吴靖宇, 戴小东. 餐厨垃圾与生活垃圾焚烧协同处理探讨 [J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2021, 46(1): 115-119. doi: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.202101115 ZHANG A J, WU J Y, DAI X D. Study on collaborative treatment of kitchen waste in domestic waste incineration plants [J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2021, 46(1): 115-119(in Chinese). doi: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.202101115
[82] 刘涛. 污泥掺烧比例对生活垃圾协同处置的经济影响分析 [J]. 给水排水, 2021, 57(6): 61-67. doi: 10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2021.06.010 LIU T. Studies on the economic effects of sludge ratio on co-processing of sewage sludge and municipal solid waste [J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2021, 57(6): 61-67(in Chinese). doi: 10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.2021.06.010
[83] 张琳, 周国顺, 郭镇宁, 等. 利用生活垃圾焚烧电厂余热协同处置市政污泥 [J]. 节能, 2021, 40(6): 47-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2021.06.016 ZHANG L, ZHOU G S, GUO Z N, et al. Collaborative disposal of sewage sludge using waste heat from municipal solid waste incineration [J]. Energy Conservation, 2021, 40(6): 47-51(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7948.2021.06.016
[84] 朱浩, 喻武. 生活垃圾协同焚烧污泥层燃燃烧特性研究 [J]. 环境卫生工程, 2021, 29(2): 46-49. doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2021.02.006 ZHU H, YU W. Study on stratified combustion characteristics of sludge in the cooperative incineration of domestic waste [J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2021, 29(2): 46-49(in Chinese). doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2021.02.006
[85] 刘钰坤. 市政污泥与生活垃圾协同焚烧处理技术分析 [J]. 低碳世界, 2021, 11(10): 12-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2066.2021.10.006 LIU Y K. Analysis of cooperative incineration technology of municipal sludge and domestic waste [J]. Low Carbon World, 2021, 11(10): 12-13(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2066.2021.10.006
[86] 臧仁德, 张力. 垃圾与煤混烧烟气脱酸的模拟及实验 [J]. 煤炭学报, 2011, 36(8): 1385-1390. doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2011.08.006 ZANG R D, ZHANG L. Numerical simulation and experimental on deacidification of flue gas by co-combustion of MSW with coal [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2011, 36(8): 1385-1390(in Chinese). doi: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2011.08.006
[87] 陆胜勇, 吴海龙, 陈彤, 等. 垃圾和煤混烧流化床焚烧炉的二恶英排放质量平衡 [J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2011, 45(12): 2188-2195. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2011.12.018 LU S Y, WU H L, CHEN T, et al. Dioxin mass balance in fluidized bed incinerator co-firing municipal solid waste and coal [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2011, 45(12): 2188-2195(in Chinese). doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2011.12.018
[88] XING X J, LI Y L, XING Y Q, et al. Co-combustion characteristics and kinetic analyses of biomass briquette and municipal solid waste in N2/O2 and CO2/O2 atmospheres [J]. BioResources, 2017, 12(1): 1317-1334. [89] 马红娜, 李彦娥, 王晓娟, 等. 水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾循环经济实践研究 [J]. 环境科学与管理, 2020, 45(8): 164-167. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2020.08.035 MA H N, LI Y E, WANG X J, et al. Circular economy practice of co-processing dometic waste by cement kiln [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2020, 45(8): 164-167(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2020.08.035
[90] CAPELLI L, SIRONI S. Combination of field inspection and dispersion modelling to estimate odour emissions from an Italian landfill [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2018, 191: 273-290. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.08.007 [91] 刘旭, 张楷文, 张磊, 等. 城市生活垃圾各组分焚烧与热解行为研究 [J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2021, 41(5): 9-16. LIU X, ZHANG K W, ZHANG L, et al. Insights on the pyrolysis and waste incineration behaviors of municipal solid waste [J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2021, 41(5): 9-16(in Chinese).
[92] 袁国安. 生活垃圾热解气化技术应用现状与展望 [J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2019, 44(4): 66-69. doi: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.201904066 YUAN G A. Present status and prospect of municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification technology [J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2019, 44(4): 66-69(in Chinese). doi: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.201904066
[93] 王旻烜, 张佳, 何皓, 等. 城市生活垃圾处理方法概述 [J]. 环境与发展, 2020, 32(2): 51-52. doi: 10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2020.02.028 WANG M X, ZHANG J, HE H, et al. Overview of municipal solid waste disposal methods [J]. Environment and Development, 2020, 32(2): 51-52(in Chinese). doi: 10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2020.02.028
[94] 郝彦龙, 侯成林, 付丽霞, 等. 生活垃圾无害化处理工程设计实例 [J]. 环境工程, 2020, 38(2): 135-139. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202002019 HAO Y L, HOU C L, FU L X, et al. Engineering design of a municipal solid waste disposal project [J]. Environmental Engineering, 2020, 38(2): 135-139(in Chinese). doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202002019
[95] 殷仁豪. 生活垃圾气化产气燃烧过程中二噁英和NOx协同控制的实验研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2017. YIN R H. Experimental study on the cooperative control of dioxins and NOx during MSW gasification gas combustion process[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2017(in Chinese).
[96] 张思成. 垃圾热解耦合燃煤混烧的实验研究与数值模拟[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2020. ZHANG S C. Experimental study and numerical simulation on waste pyrolysis combined with coal combustion[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2020(in Chinese).
[97] HE J D, SONG W L, GAO S Q, et al. Experimental study of the reduction mechanisms of NO emission in decoupling combustion of coal [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2006, 87(9): 803-810. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.04.003 [98] DONG L, GAO S Q, XU G W. NO reduction over biomass char in the combustion process [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(1): 446-450. [99] 尚校, 高士秋, 汪印, 等. 不同煤燃烧方式降低NOx排放比较及解耦燃烧应用 [J]. 燃料化学学报, 2012, 40(6): 672-679. SHANG X, GAO S Q, WANG Y, et al. Comparison of NOx reduction among different coal combustion methods and the application of decoupling combustion [J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2012, 40(6): 672-679(in Chinese).