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印染废水的化学成分复杂、色度大、毒性高、可生化性差[1-3],已成为威胁国家水环境安全的重要因素之一[4-5]。目前常用的印染废水处理方法有生物法、物理法和化学法[3-5]。化学法对染料废水的脱色和提高B/C有较好的效果,其中光催化氧化法能够有效的降解染料[6-7]。
传统的半导体电极在净化废水、解决环境污染等方面有很好的效果[7-9],但可见光吸收性能差,对利用太阳能催化降解污染物的应用造成了很大的限制。贵金属粒子由于其表面的等离子体共振效应而对可见光具有较好的吸收,由此相继开发出等离子体型光催化剂,如贵金属Ag[10-17]、Bi[18-19]和Pt[20]等。磷酸银(Ag3PO4)具有较好的可见光响应能力,但其对污染物的降解效率低,光生电子易与反应体系中溶解的Ag+反应生成Ag0,从而发生光腐蚀。氧化石墨烯(GO)的比表面积大,吸附污染物效率较高,导电性能较好,能够有效地促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,可提高催化活性[21-23]。因此,国内外学者将Ag3PO4和石墨烯进行复合改性[24-25],增大光催化剂的比表面积和提高光催化剂的导电性,以增强光催化活性和稳定性[26]。LIU等[27]运用吡啶辅助-水热法将Ag和Ag3PO4合成复合材料Ag/Ag3PO4,在可见光照射下降解甲基橙,降解效率高且甲基橙残留量低。陈晓娟[28]基于光生电子-空穴的迁移转化原理,构筑系列Ag3PO4基复合光催化剂,当Ag3PO4-GO复合光催化剂中GO含量为5%时,其光催化降解2,4-DCP的速率为0.060 0 min−1。
本研究针对Ag3PO4光稳定性差且难回收的问题,引入MgFe2O4磁性纳米材料,赋予光催化剂磁性,从而提高光催化剂的回收率。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ag3PO4/GO/MgFe2O4复合光催化剂,并对催化剂构型和可见光吸收性能进行了分析和表征;详细考察了不同实验条件对光催化降解RhB效果的影响,且评估了复合光催化剂的稳定性。
Ag3PO4/GO/MgFe2O4光催化剂的制备及其对罗丹明B的降解性能
Preparation of Ag3PO4/GO/MgFe2O4 photocatalyst and its degradation performance for rhodamine B
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摘要: 以染料废水中的阳离子型染料罗丹明B(RhB)为研究对象,采用自蔓延燃烧法制备MgFe2O4光催化剂,通过离子交换法制备了含GO的Ag3PO4/GO/MgFe2O4磁性复合纳米光催化剂。分别采用XRD、SEM、TEM对制备的光催化剂形貌和结构进行了表征,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品的吸光性能进行了测试;在全波段辐射下,考察了光催化剂种类、氧化石墨烯(GO)掺量、光催化剂用量、溶液pH、温度对光催化降解RhB效果的影响。结果表明,复合改性有助于提高Ag3PO4的光催化活性,当石墨烯(GO)掺量为10%,光催化剂用量为30 mg·L−1、溶液pH为5~10、RhB初始浓度为10 mg·L−1时,室温下全波段辐射处理,在15 min内基本可实现对RhB的完全降解。Abstract: In this study, rhodamine B (RhB), a cationic dye in dye wastewater, was taken as the research object, MgFe2O4 catalyst was prepared by self-propagating combustion method, Ag3PO4/GO/MgFe2O4 magnetic composite catalyst containing GO was prepared by ion exchange method. The morphology and structure of the prepared photocatalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and the absorbance of the sample was tested by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The effects of catalyst type, graphene oxide (GO) content, catalyst amount, solution pH and temperature on the photocatalytic degradation of RhB were investigated under the full-band radiation. The results showed that the composite modification was conducive to the improvement of the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4. When the graphene (GO) doping content was 10%, the catalyst amount was 30 mg·L−1, the solution pH was 5~10, the initial concentration of RhB was 10 mg·L−1, and the whole-band radiation treatment at room temperature could basically achieve the complete degradation of RhB within 15 min.
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Key words:
- photo-catalyst degradation /
- rhodamine B /
- Ag3PO4 /
- catalyst preparation
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