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作为新兴药类污染物的抗生素,被大量用作兽药投加到禽畜养殖中,这些抗生素在动物肠道中无法被完全吸收,多达30%~90%的母体化合物会通过粪便或尿液排出[1]。四环素类抗生素的广泛使用使得动物粪便中残留大量的四环素[2]。动物粪便中的抗生素可利用高温堆肥处理技术来降解,堆肥温度可达70 ℃[3],甚至90 ℃[4]。土霉素(OTC)经过堆肥后的降解产物仍是大分子物质EOTC (m/z=461)、α-apo-OTC (m/z=443)和β-apo-OTC (m/z=443)[5]。堆肥中混合的抗生素、ARGs及菌体可被释放到大气环境中,人体长期暴露在这种环境中会导致传染病、毒性影响、过敏和癌症等风险[6],并且ARGs会降低抗生素治疗的功效[4]。
近年来,处理OTC的方法多种多样,包括高级氧化、吸收法、化学氧化、电化学和生物法等[7]。KARPOV等[8]用Fe(Ⅲ)和Mn(Ⅳ)来降解OTC;ÇELIK等[9]在膜生物反应器中用硝化菌降解OTC;HARRABI等[10]用河口沉积物中原生的细菌来降解OTC;LI等[11]和USLU等[12]用臭氧氧化来降解OTC。臭氧能快速与有害有机物反应并将其分解,将有机物降解成更简单的产物[11, 13]。为提高O3对有机污染物的降解效率,常将O3氧化与其他氧化过程结合起来,如UV/O3预处理PAHs、VOCs、CPs、APs和DBPs[14-15],O3/微波降解活性污泥[16],臭氧-过硫酸钠(O3/PS)降解布洛芬[17]、硝基苯[18]、渗滤液[19]和氯苯甲酸[20]。在这些与臭氧结合的方法中,PS具有强氧化性、宽的酸碱度范围、高溶解性[21],且PS产生的
${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$ 自由基会选择性地与土霉素的富含电子的芳香族或共轭双键部分反应[22]。因此,以O3/PS技术降解OTC具有较好的适用性。目前,关于OTC的研究主要集中在水体和土壤,含OTC的废气处理在国内外却鲜见报道。本研究采用O3/PS协同降解废气中的OTC,在雾化喷淋装置中探究O3及PS对废气中OTC的去除率,并解析各去除作用的贡献率,通过LC-TOF-MS/MS对OTC的降解产物进行分析鉴定,推测降解机理与途径,以期为含OTC废气处理产业化应用提供参考。
臭氧-过硫酸钠高级氧化降解土霉素废气
Degradation of oxytetracycline-containing waste gas by advanced oxidation of ozone/persulfate
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摘要: 为去除禽畜养殖粪便高温堆肥过程产生的土霉素(OTC)废气,采用臭氧-过硫酸钠(O3/PS)高级氧化方法,在喷淋装置中降解土霉素(OTC)废气。通过对比不同条件下装置对OTC废气的去除率,考察了O3及PS对OTC废气去除率及耦合作用。结果表明:O3/PS喷淋塔对OTC去除率可达94.7%,O3直接氧化作用的加入使OTC的去除率提高了6.2%~15.9%;加入PS后,OTC的去除率增加了13.9%~23.2%,这是由8.6%~13.7%的·OH氧化作用和4.5%~7.5%的
${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$ 氧化作用引起的。结合高分辨液质联用仪(LC-TOF-MS/MS)分析OTC的降解产物,可以看出,OTC在O3/PS喷淋塔中经过O3、·OH和${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$ 的氧化后,生成了4种主要中间产物,即C20H18N2O8、C22H20N2O8、C12H16O2和C13H21O3。由此可知,OTC废气能被喷淋装置有效去除,并被O3/PS氧化降解。以上研究结果为含OTC废气的产生、检测和处理提供了参考。Abstract: In order to remove oxytetracycline (OTC)-containing waste gas generated from the process of high temperature composting of livestock manure, an advanced oxidation method of ozone and sodium persulfate (O3/PS) was used to degrade OTC-containing waste gas in the spray tower. The performance and the coupling role of ozone and sodium persulfate on OTC removal in spray tower were evaluated through comparing the OTC removal efficiencies by the device under different conditions. The result showed the OTC removal efficiency in spray tower with O3/PS could reach 94.7%. The 6.2%~15.9% increase of OTC removal efficiency was attributed to the direct oxidation of ozone. After PS addition, the OTC removal efficiency increased by 13.9%~23.2%, including 8.7%~11.9% by ·OH oxidation and 4.3%~7.5% by${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$ oxidation. The intermediate products from OTC degradation were detected by LC-TOF-MS/MS, which indicated that OTC was mainly degraded to C20H18N2O8, C22H20N2O8, C12H16O2 and C13H21O3 by direct oxidation of ozone and oxidation of ·OH and${\rm{SO}}_4^{ \cdot - }$ . The analysis showed that the OTC-containing waste gas could be effectively removed by pray tower, and be degraded by O3/PS advanced oxidation. The above research provides reference for the generation, detection, treatment and application of OTC-containing waste gas.-
Key words:
- oxytetracycline /
- ozone /
- persulfate /
- radicals /
- advanced oxidation /
- coupling mechanism
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