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挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)是指在常温常压下沸点为50 ~ 260 ℃、饱和蒸汽压大于133.13 kPa的有机化合物。VOCs 通常来源于包装印刷、石油化工等行业及机动车尾气排放,可能导致雾霾和光化学烟雾的形成和臭氧层破坏,而且也给人体健康带来威胁,故需要对相关排放源进行治理。
光催化通过光源照射在半导体催化剂表面,引发电子从价带转移到导带,并与空气及水反应,生成羟基自由基等强氧化性基团;与污染物反应,从而达到强化降解污染物的目的[1-3]。通常,由于光催化材料的吸附能力通常较弱,因此,通过将光催化剂负载到吸附剂表面有着广阔的研究前景[4-7]。在基于真空紫外的光催化氧化(VUV-PCO)工艺中,O3通过185 nm真空紫外光辐射产生,可用于进一步增强污染物的氧化。但若未充分利用,出口处的高浓度O3同时也是二次污染物。活性炭(AC)拥有出色的吸附性能[8-9],具有一定的催化氧化作用,在减少O3污染排放的同时,可生成强氧化剂,增强对污染物的降解,并减少副产物的排放[10-11]。HUANG等[12]利用沸石良好的VOCs和臭氧吸收能力,以沸石作为载体制备了TiO2/ZSM-5催化剂,在提高苯吸收能力的同时,利用臭氧分解能力获得了较高的苯去除率。SHU等[13]制备0.1%Mn/40%TiO2/AC催化剂,在VUV-PCO工艺下,实现近86%的甲苯去除率,并可将O3催化转化为O(1D)和·OH高活性物种,辅助催化氧化。GUO等[14]和MATOS等[15]通过TiO2在活性炭上不同方式的负载,均得到了高效的气态甲苯去除率。采用溶胶-凝胶、浸渍法等原位负载或机械混合的方式负载活性炭[12],一方面发挥活性炭出色的吸附性能,另一方面也能发挥其与催化剂的协同效应,在增强降解性能的同时减少二次污染问题。
本研究采用共沉淀法制备了Ce掺杂ZnO纳米催化剂,通过机械混合的方式将其负载在活性炭上,通过考察负载活性炭对光催化性能(污染物去除率、矿化率和O3消耗量)的影响,获得了Ce-ZnO和粉末活性炭最佳负载比例,进而提出了可能的降解机理,并探究了活性炭对催化剂使用寿命及降解产物的影响,最后对该工艺的能耗进行了分析。本研究结果可为VUV-PCO体系下增强催化性能和稳定性,优化能量利用率提供参考。
Ce-ZnO/AC在真空紫外下催化降解对二甲苯废气
Catalytic degradation of p-xylene waste gas by Ce-ZnO/AC under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
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摘要: 将Ce掺杂ZnO光催化剂通过负载活性炭 (AC)的方式制备Ce-ZnO/AC吸附-催化复合材料,并以对二甲苯为典型挥发性有机污染物(VOC),研究其在真空紫外体系中光催化转化性能。结果表明:活性炭的负载能有效提高臭氧的利用效率,强化对二甲苯的去除率和矿化率;当Ce-ZnO与活性炭的负载比例为1∶2时,复合材料的光催化性能达到最优,此时对二甲苯的转化率达到95%以上;活性炭的负载不仅可使污染物与催化剂充分接触,还可有效利用臭氧从而产生·OH等自由基,协同促进对二甲苯的降解,同时更多的中间产物被降解。复合催化材料显示了良好的稳定性,在利用5次后,仍可再生恢复其光催化性能至初始状态。相对于单独的真空紫外光解,Ce-ZnO/AC吸附-催化复合材料与真空紫外体系耦合降解二甲苯的能量利用率提高了2倍,经济性好。Abstract: An adsorption-catalytic composite catalyst Ce-ZnO/AC was prepared by loading of activated carbon (AC) on Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst. The photocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out using p-xylene as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) in photocatalytic reactor, and the photocatalytic and conversion of p-xylene in vacuum ultraviolet irradiation environment was studied. The results showed that the loading of activated carbon could increase the ozone utilization efficiency, and enhance the removal rate and mineralization rate of p-xylene. The composite catalyst achieved the best effect when the ratio of Ce doped ZnO to activated carbon was 1∶2, and the conversion rate of p-xylene reached over 95%. The loading of activated carbon not only promoted the contact between pollutants and the catalyst, but also effectively utilized the ozone to generate free radicals such as ·OH, which could synergistically promote the degradation of p-xylene and more intermediates compared to the catalytic without active carbon. The composite catalyst also showed good stability and could be regenerated and recovered its initial adsorption-catalytic performance after five cycles. The energy efficiency of composite catalyst increased by double compared to VUV alone, and it had good economic effect.
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Key words:
- photocatalysis /
- activated carbon /
- p-xylene degradation /
- vacuum ultraviolet
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