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基于羟基自由基反应的高级氧化技术(AOPs)已被广泛应用于去除持久性有机污染物[1]。然而,均相催化体系有许多缺点,且所生成的铁泥会对环境造成二次污染[2]。与均相类芬顿催化剂相比,非均相类芬顿催化技术越来越受到青睐,特别是纳米磁铁矿(Fe3O4)被认为是一种有潜力的催化剂[3-4]。为了克服Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的团聚,提高催化降解性能,有研究学者将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子与多孔载体材料,如沸石[5]、石墨烯[6]、多壁碳纳米管[7]、活性炭[8]等进行结合。
凹凸棒土(ATP)是一种天然的水合铝镁硅酸盐矿物,具有棒状形态以及较大的比表面积和较强的吸附性能[9]。尽管ATP对水中的金属和有机污染物有良好的吸附能力[10],但却不具备催化性能。本课题组已成功地将Fe3O4与ATP结合制备出ATP@Fe3O4复合材料,并证实其是H2O2强有力的催化剂,不仅同时具有吸附和催化性能,且因其具有磁性,从而便于从溶液中分离回收[11]。
随着高级氧化技术的不断发展,硫酸根自由基(
${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ )有替代羟基自由基(·OH)的趋势,其主要由过硫酸盐(PS)分解而来,因此,简便易得。相比于·OH,${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ 具有更高的氧化还原电位,且${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ 与难降解的有机物之间发生的是电子转移反应,所以在体系中的寿命比·OH更长[12]。到目前为止,有关ATP@Fe3O4/PS体系降解有机污染物的研究鲜见报道。由于我国医药行业和养殖业中四环素类抗生素的大量使用,造成水体中四环素含量较高,增加了环境的生态风险。本研究选择四环素(tetracycline)作为目标污染物,探讨了ATP@Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其催化过硫酸盐(persulfate)降解四环素的效果及其相关机理,以期为催化材料的应用提供参考。
ATP@Fe3O4复合材料催化过硫酸盐降解四环素
Catalytic degradation of tetracycline by ATP@Fe3O4 composite material activated persulfate
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摘要: 通过共沉淀法将四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米粒子负载于凹凸棒土(ATP)制备出兼具吸附与催化性能的非均相类芬顿催化剂ATP@Fe3O4。采用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、XRD(X射线衍射)、XPS(X射线光电子能谱)、VSM(振动磁强计)等对材料的结构进行了表征分析,并研究了其对催化过硫酸盐(PS)降解四环素(TC)的效果。结果表明,ATP@Fe3O4复合材料是活化过硫酸盐(PS)生成硫酸根自由基(
${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4$ )强有力的催化剂,可大幅提高PS对水溶液中四环素的降解能力。当PS浓度为10 mmol·L−1、ATP@Fe3O4投加量为1.5 g·L−1,其对pH=3.9的80 mg·L−1四环素溶液的降解率在90 min可达98.75%。负载于ATP表面的Fe3O4粒子和部分溶解于水中的Fe2+共同催化PS生成${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ ,将TC氧化为CO2、H2O和中间体,是ATP@Fe3O4/PS体系去除四环素的主要机理。以上研究结果可为催化材料的应用提供参考。Abstract: Ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were supported on attapulgite (ATP) by co-precipitation method, and a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst ATP@Fe3O4 with both adsorption and catalytic properties was prepared. SEM (scanning electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) were used to characterize the structure of ATP@Fe3O4, and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) by ATP@Fe3O4 activated persulfate (PS) were studied. The results showed that the ATP@Fe3O4 composite was a powerful catalyst for the activation of persulfate to generate sulfate radicals (${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ ), which could greatly improve the degradation of TC in aqueous solution by PS. At the PS concentration of 10 mmol·L−1 and the ATP@Fe3O4 dosage of 1.5 g·L−1, the degradation rate of tetracycline solution with initial concentration of 80 mg·L−1 and pH 3.9 reached 98.75% after 90 min. This study also discussed tetracycline removal mechanism by the ATP@Fe3O4/PS system. The Fe3O4 particles supported on the ATP surface and the partially dissolved Fe2+ in the water catalyzed PS to form${\rm{SO}}^{\cdot -}_4 $ , which oxidized TC to CO2, H2O and intermediates. This study results provide theoretical basis and reference for the application of catalytic materials.-
Key words:
- ATP /
- Fe3O4 /
- co-precipitation method /
- catalyst /
- persulfate /
- degradation of tetracycline
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