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污泥是污水生物处理过程中不可避免的危害副产物,含有难降解有机物、病原菌、重金属等污染物[1-2]。目前,我国污泥年产量已超过4.5×107 t(含水率80%),成为全球污泥产量最大的国家,然而50%的污泥并没有得到妥善处理,严重威胁我国生态环境安全,开展污泥减量化研究是我国重大战略需求之一。
蠕虫污泥捕食技术与污水处理系统耦合实现污泥减量已取得了广泛的研究[3-4]。蠕虫捕食污泥减量技术通过在污水处理过程中加入蠕虫等微型动物,定向延长污水处理系统的食物链,利用食物链中能量传递的“十分之一定律”,实现污泥减量。相对于污泥的隐性生长、解偶联等污泥减量技术,生物捕食具有无须投加化学物质、处理成本低、副产物少、污泥减量效率高等技术优势[5],在学术研究与工程应用中均取得了广泛的关注[6-7]。然而,蠕虫捕食对污水处理系统微生物菌群特性的影响研究相对缺乏。污水生物处理过程主要利用不同功能微生物相互间的协同降解作用,实现污水的高效处理,因此,微生物的群落结构直接影响着污水的处理效能[8]。污水处理过程中不同的工艺操作与水质条件的波动均可引起微生物菌群的改变,无法适应环境改变的微生物丰度降低,而其他微生物则可能得到富集[9]。因此,不同的环境条件可促进微生物群落的筛选过程[10]。
本研究基于厌氧-缺氧-好氧-膜生物反应器(A2O-MBR)-蠕虫床耦合系统,利用Illumina高通量16S rRNA测序技术,从微生物种类、丰度特征、功能菌群分布相似性及差异性等方面,对比分析蠕虫捕食的耦合对污水处理系统微生物菌群特性的影响,为蠕虫污泥减量技术的应用提供参考。
蠕虫床污泥减量对A2O-MBR系统中细菌特性的影响
Effects of worm predation and sludge reduction on bacterial characteristics of an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (A2O-MBR)
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摘要: 蠕虫捕食是实现污泥减量最有前景的技术之一,具有高效和环保的优点。为了考察蠕虫捕食对污水处理系统微生物特性的影响,建立了厌氧-缺氧-好氧-膜生物反应器(A2O-MBR)与蠕虫床耦合系统,并以传统的A2O-MBR、A2O-MBR-空白蠕虫床耦合系统为对照,3组系统同时稳定运行120 d,采用16S rRNA高通量测序对反应器的微生物特性进行对比分析研究。结果表明,A2O-MBR-蠕虫床系统微生物丰度变大,多样性降低,有效促进了优势菌的富集;耦合系统中脱氮除磷功能菌得到强化,其中反硝化除磷菌比例达12.71%,使脱氮与除磷过程相互协同,蠕虫床的耦合提高了A2O-MBR系统脱氮除磷效能。以上研究结果为蠕虫捕食技术在污泥减量与污水处理中的工程应用提供了一条有效途径。Abstract: Worm predation is one of the most promising sludge reduction technologies, with the advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In order to investigate the effects of worm predation on the bacterial characteristics of the wastewater treatment process, a combined system of an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (A2O-MBR) and worm reactor was established. A conventional A2O-MBR and a combined system of A2O-MBR and blank worm reactor were established as two control systems. The bacterial characteristics of three systems were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene after 120 days stable operation. The results showed that the microbe richness increased while the diversity decreased in the A2O-MBR-worm reactor system, which promoted the enrichment of the dominant bacteria. In the combined system, the functional bacteria for nitrogen and phosphorus removal were enriched, of which the abundance of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria reached 12.71%, and the synergistic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred. The combination of worm predation improved the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus in A2O-MBR system. This study provided an efficient approach for practical application of worm predation for sludge reduction and wastewater treatment.
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表 1 进水及3组系统出水水质
Table 1. Water quality of the influent and effluent of the three systems
mg·L−1 水质 COD 氨氮 总氮 总磷 进水 350~500 40~50 50~70 4.0~6.0 Ⅰ号出水 20~40 0.5~2.5 12~20 0.5~3.0 Ⅱ号出水 20~40 0.3~2.0 10~15 0.3~2.0 Ⅲ号出水 15~35 0.5~2.0 10~15 0.2~0.6 表 2 3组反应器16S rRNA基因指数
Table 2. Index table of the 16S rRNA gene of three reactors
样品 序列数量/条 OUT/个 长度/bp 有效比率/% Ⅰ号 70 292 1 443 372 85.97 Ⅱ号 64 287 1 364 372 87.45 Ⅲ号 45 632 1 368 372 75.64 -
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