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李潍, 涂铿, 陈希超, 赵旭, 刘芸, 于云江. 化学品替代评估框架及方法[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
引用本文: 李潍, 涂铿, 陈希超, 赵旭, 刘芸, 于云江. 化学品替代评估框架及方法[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
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LI Wei, TU Keng, CHEN Xichao, ZHAO Xu, LIU Yun, YU Yunjiang. Framework and Methodology of Chemical Alternative Assessment[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
Citation: LI Wei, TU Keng, CHEN Xichao, ZHAO Xu, LIU Yun, YU Yunjiang. Framework and Methodology of Chemical Alternative Assessment[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
shu

化学品替代评估框架及方法

  • 1. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广州 510655;

  • 2. 国家环境保护环境污染物健康风险评价重点实验室, 广州 510535

    • 作者简介: 李潍(1997—)，女，硕士，研究方向为化学品替代评估与化学品风险评估，E-mail:liwei@scies.org
    通讯作者: 刘芸(1983-),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为化学品替代评估和化学品环境健康风险评估。E-mail:liuyun@scies.org;  于云江(1964—)，男，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为环境与健康。E-mail:yuyunjiang@scies.org
  • 基金项目:

    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3902200)；广西重点研发计划(桂科AB24999047)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202406-179)

  • 中图分类号: X171.5

Framework and Methodology of Chemical Alternative Assessment

  • 1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China;

  • 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou 510535, China

    • Corresponding authors: LIU Yun ;  YU Yunjiang
  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 随着全球环境管理法规愈发严格，企业需要不断寻找被管控有毒有害化学品的替代品，替代也成为源头减少环境污染，实现绿色发展的重要途径。为减少“遗憾替代”，提高替代品的环境友好性，各国政府、非政府组织和学者研究开发了化学品替代评估方法。本文首先分析梳理了化学品替代评估发展的3个阶段，综述了国内外现有替代评估技术方法，总结替代评估中比较评估和决策评估2个关键步骤。其次，以美国环境保护局、德国联邦环境署和经济合作与发展组织等政府和非政府组织的替代评估方法为主，结合已有研究进展，介绍和比较了化学品分级评估和决策评估的框架、指标体系以及评估方法，可为我国有毒有害原料替代品的分级、评估和决策提供方法基础。最后，基于现有方法，针对我国化学品替代评估方法体系建设和替代工程示范提出建议和展望。
    Abstract: As global environmental regulations become more and more stringent, companies must continuously search for and develop alternatives to regulated toxic and hazardous chemicals to comply with these regulations and avoid using harmful chemicals. To reduce “regrettable substitutions” and improve the environmental friendliness of alternatives, various institutions, including governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and researchers, have developed methods for the chemical alternative assessment. This study first summarizes the three stages in the development of chemical alternative assessment, reviews existing frameworks both domestic and international, and divides the alternative assessment into two key steps: the grading assessment and the decision-making assessment. Secondly, based on the methods used by governmental organizations and NGOs such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the German Federal Environmental Agency, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and incorporating progress from existing research, this study introduces and compares the indices and methods used in the chemical grading and the decision-making assessments. This comparison provides a methodological foundation for grading, assessing, and making decisions about toxic and hazardous raw material alternatives in China. Finally, based on existing methods, this study offers suggestions and prospects for constructing a system of alternative assessment methods for chemicals and demonstrating alternative projects in China.
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-01
李潍, 涂铿, 陈希超, 赵旭, 刘芸, 于云江. 化学品替代评估框架及方法[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
引用本文: 李潍, 涂铿, 陈希超, 赵旭, 刘芸, 于云江. 化学品替代评估框架及方法[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
shu
LI Wei, TU Keng, CHEN Xichao, ZHAO Xu, LIU Yun, YU Yunjiang. Framework and Methodology of Chemical Alternative Assessment[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
Citation: LI Wei, TU Keng, CHEN Xichao, ZHAO Xu, LIU Yun, YU Yunjiang. Framework and Methodology of Chemical Alternative Assessment[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2024, 19(6): 152-162. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20240401001
shu

化学品替代评估框架及方法

    通讯作者: 刘芸(1983-),女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为化学品替代评估和化学品环境健康风险评估。E-mail:liuyun@scies.org;  于云江(1964—)，男，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为环境与健康。E-mail:yuyunjiang@scies.org
    作者简介: 李潍(1997—)，女，硕士，研究方向为化学品替代评估与化学品风险评估，E-mail:liwei@scies.org
  • 1. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广州 510655;
  • 2. 国家环境保护环境污染物健康风险评价重点实验室, 广州 510535
  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-01
基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3902200)；广西重点研发计划(桂科AB24999047)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202406-179)

摘要: 随着全球环境管理法规愈发严格，企业需要不断寻找被管控有毒有害化学品的替代品，替代也成为源头减少环境污染，实现绿色发展的重要途径。为减少“遗憾替代”，提高替代品的环境友好性，各国政府、非政府组织和学者研究开发了化学品替代评估方法。本文首先分析梳理了化学品替代评估发展的3个阶段，综述了国内外现有替代评估技术方法，总结替代评估中比较评估和决策评估2个关键步骤。其次，以美国环境保护局、德国联邦环境署和经济合作与发展组织等政府和非政府组织的替代评估方法为主，结合已有研究进展，介绍和比较了化学品分级评估和决策评估的框架、指标体系以及评估方法，可为我国有毒有害原料替代品的分级、评估和决策提供方法基础。最后，基于现有方法，针对我国化学品替代评估方法体系建设和替代工程示范提出建议和展望。

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