新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)的生态毒性效应研究进展
A Review on Ecotoxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRs)
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摘要: 由于传统的溴代阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants, BFRs)，如多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)和六溴环十二烷(HBCD)等具有较高的生态风险，作为替代物的新型溴代阻燃剂(novel BFRs, NBFRs)被越来越多地生产和使用，如六溴苯(HBB)、五溴甲苯(PBT)、十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷(BTBPE)、四溴邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(TBPH)和2,3,4,5,6,-五溴乙苯(PBEB)等。大量的NBFRs的生产、使用和废弃，导致其不可避免地释放到环境中，对生态环境和人类健康造成潜在的威胁。已有研究发现很多NBFRs不仅具有急性毒性、肝脏毒性、内分泌干扰毒性和发育毒性等毒性效应，也具有生物富集、积累和放大效应，存在生态风险。但目前缺乏系统和总结性的研究概述，故基于现有的研究结果，本文综述了有代表性的NBFRs的毒性效应研究内容和问题，并提出今后主要的研究方向。Abstract: Since legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) like polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) possessing higher ecological risks, as replacements, novel brominated flame retardants (novel BFRs, NBFRs) are more and more produced and used, such as hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromophthalate bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (TBPH), 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), etc. Substantial NBFRs have been inevitably discharged into the environment in the process of generation, application and disposal, threatening the ecological environment and human health. It has been found that many NBFRs not only have toxic effects involving acute toxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disrupting toxicity, and developmental toxicity, but also have bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and biomagnification resulting in ecological risks. However, due to the lack of systematic and summative review, this review summarizes the research contents and issues of the toxicity and environmental behaviors of representative NBFRs, and then put forward the main future research directions.
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