对羟基苯甲酸丙酯对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用及其分子机制
Toxic Effects and Its Molecular Mechanism of Propylparaben (PrP) on Daphnia magna
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摘要: 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(propylparaben, PrP)是个人护理品、药品和食品等行业广泛使用的防腐剂，在水环境中不断被检出，对水生生物具有潜在风险。为探究PrP对水生生物的毒性效应及其分子机制，选择大型溞(Daphnia magna)作为实验生物，开展4 d和8 d的毒性实验，以24 h-LC50与NOEC 24 hfeeding为参考依据，设置不同暴露浓度(0、0.3、12和480 μg·L-1)，观察PrP暴露后大型溞的表型变化，并检测cat、gst、hr96、cyp314和vtg基因mRNA的相对表达量。结果表明，0.3 μg·L-1 PrP处理组暴露8 d后大型溞体表面积显著增长；12 μg·L-1 PrP处理组在暴露8 d后，大型溞的体长、体高、壳刺长、复眼面积和体表面积均显著增长；480 μg·L-1 PrP处理组在暴露4 d后，大型溞的体长和体高均显著增长。PrP具有心脏毒性，表现为各PrP处理组出现了心脏面积增加和心率失常的现象。各PrP处理组在暴露4 d后，解毒相关基因(cat、gst和hr96)与生长发育相关基因(cyp314、vtg)的mRNA相对表达量均呈现一定的剂量效应关系。PrP暴露8 d后，cat、gst、hr96和cyp314等基因无显著变化，但各处理组vtg基因的表达量受到显著抑制。大型溞的表型变化和基因应答均表明PrP对大型溞具有毒性作用，可为进一步研究PrP对水生生物的毒性机制提供依据。Abstract: Propylparaben (PrP), a widely used preservative in personal care products, pharmaceuticals and food industries, is constantly detected in the aquatic environment. It poses potential risks to aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxic effect and its molecular mechanism of PrP on aquatic organism, Daphnia magna was selected as the experimental organism and toxic experiments were performed for 4 d and 8 d. The phenotypic changes of Daphnia magna were observed after exposed to different concentrations (0.3, 12 and 480 μg·L-1) of PrP using 24 h-LC50 and NOEC 24 hfeeding as a reference. The relative mRNA expressions of cat, gst, hr96, cyp314, vtg were measured. The results showed that the body area of Daphnia magna increased significantly in the 0.3 μg·L-1 PrP treatment group after 8 d. The body length, body height, shell spines length, compound eye area, and body area of Daphnia magna increased significantly in the 12 μg·L-1 PrP treatment group after 8 d. The body length and body height of Daphnia magna increased significantly in the 480 μg·L-1 PrP treatment group after 4 d. The mRNA expression of detoxification-related genes (cat, gst, hr96) and growth-related genes (cyp314, vtg) showed a dose-effect after 4 d of PrP exposure in the treatment groups. The cat, gst, hr96 and cyp314 were not significantly changed after 8 d of PrP exposure. However, the expression of the vtg gene was significantly suppressed in the treatment groups. The phenotypic changes and gene responses of Daphnia magna indicated that PrP had toxic effects on Daphnia magna, which provided a basis for further study of the toxic mechanism of PrP on aquatic organisms.
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Key words:
- propylparaben /
- Daphnia magna /
- phenotypic changes /
- mRNA expression
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