太原市蔬菜中重金属污染特征及健康风险评估
Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Vegetables in Taiyuan City
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摘要: 蔬菜中的重金属对人体存在一定的健康风险。为探究太原市蔬菜的重金属污染状况及其对人体的危害，于太原市城区和农村采集11类306个蔬菜样品，检测8种重金属的含量，用描述性统计法对蔬菜中重金属的污染特征进行分析，用主成分分析法对其重金属的污染来源进行解析，用健康风险模型对蔬菜中重金属的人体健康风险进行评估。结果表明，11类蔬菜中重金属含量有较大差异。按现行国家食品卫生健康标准，所有蔬菜样品中Cu和Zn的含量较高。对比我国其他地区，太原市蔬菜中Hg、Pb和Cd含量偏高。蔬菜中Pb、Cd、As和Cr受大气降尘、工业污染和农业活动等人为源作用；Ni、Cu和Zn受成土母质、农药和化肥等的污染来源影响；Hg主要受到燃煤等人为源作用。蔬菜中重金属健康风险值从大到小为As＞Cu＞Pb＞Hg＞Zn＞Cr＞Ni＞Cd。在11类蔬菜中，食用菌类和芽菜类蔬菜可能对人体产生一定的健康风险。Abstract: Heavy metals in vegetable may pose health risk to the human body to a certain extent. In order to explore the situation of heavy metal in vegetables and to evaluate their risks to human health, we analyzed content of eight heavy metals (As, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd) of 306 vegetable samples among 11 categories which were collected from urban and rural areas of Taiyuan City. Based on the dataset we analyzed content characteristics of heavy metals in the vegetable samples by using descriptive statistics, and pollution sources by using the principal component analysis method. We also evaluated the exposure of heavy metals and their health risks to humans by using the US EPA health risk assessment model. The results were as follows. There were of great difference in heavy metal content among the 11 categories of the vegetable samples. According to the current national food hygiene and health standards, the content of Cu and Zn in all vegetable samples are higher than those of the other elements. Compared with other areas in China, the content of Hg, Pb and Cd in the vegetables in Taiyuan are relative high. Pollution sources of heavy metal Pb, Cd, As and Cr in the vegetables were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources such as atmospheric dust, industrial pollution and agricultural activities. Ni, Cu and Zn were affected by complex pollution sources such as parent materials, pesticides and fertilizers, and Hg was mainly influenced by man-made sources such as coal burning. The health risk values of heavy metals in the vegetables were in the order of As > Cu > Pb > Hg > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cd. Among the 11 categories, the edible fungi and sprout vegetables may pose certain health risk to human body.
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- vegetables /
- health risk assessment /
- pollution characteristics /
- Taiyuan City
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