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随着全球工业的发展,由石油、多环芳烃和苯酚等有机物导致的环境污染不断加剧。由于有机污染物通常具有难水溶性、化学稳定性、生物累积性和“三致”效应,对环境和人类健康产生灾难性的影响[1]。酶修复技术因具有可专一性高效降解某种或某类物质、降解大分子污染物时则不受跨膜运输、对环境营养的要求不高、不易受捕食和有毒物质影响等优势,在有机污染物治理领域表现出巨大的应用潜力[2-3]。
氧化还原酶是近年来研究最为广泛的酶系,主要包括过氧化物酶、氯过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、酪氨酸酶及漆酶等[3-4],其中漆酶(ECI.10.3.2)因具有底物谱宽泛、仅利用分子氧作为电子受体无需过氧化物和对环境友好等特点,被视为最具前景的污染治理酶制剂。漆酶是一种多铜氧化酶,在氧分子的参与下,能够催化多环芳烃、酚类和芳香胺类等其他富含电子的底物进行单电子氧化,形成醌或低聚物并将氧分子还原成水[5]。漆酶来源广泛,在原核生物、植物、真菌以及昆虫体内均有发现[6]。自漆酶发现以来,漆酶的研究一直是国内外学者研究的热点。
文章根据近几年国内外的研究成果,对漆酶的来源及性质、漆酶的结构及催化机制、漆酶催化氧化底物的作用方式、影响漆酶活性的因素及漆酶的应用研究现状进行了综述,并探讨了今后的发展方向,以期为我国开展漆酶的研究及工业化应用提供有益参考。
漆酶降解有机污染物的研究进展
Research Progress on Organic Pollutants Degradation by Laccase
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摘要: 文章综述了漆酶的来源及性质、催化氧化机制、催化氧化有机物的作用方式及影响其活性的因素,并分析了其在有机污物染治理方面的应用现状。综合国内外研究现状,开发新型的漆酶磁性纳米固定化材料及构建高效产漆酶基因工程菌是实现漆酶工业化应用的重要研究方向。Abstract: In this paper, the source and properties of laccase, the mechanism of its catalytic oxidation, the organic compounds oxidation pathway and the factors affected on the laccase activity were reviewed. The application status of laccase in organic pollutants treatment was also analyzed. Based on the researches at home and abroad, the development of new magnetic nanomaterials for laccase and the engineering bacteria with a high efficiency laccase producing gene were important research directions for its industrial application.
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Key words:
- Organic Pollutions /
- Enzymes Remediation /
- Laccase /
- Source /
- Catalytic Oxidation /
- Activity
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表 1 不同来源漆酶的氧化还原电势
漆酶来源 所属物种 氧化还原电势/mV 参考文献 高氧化还原电位 Trametes ochracea Basidiomycete 790±10 [27] Trametes trogii Basidiomycete 790 [28] Trametes versicolor Basidiomycete 785 [29] Botrytis cinerea Ascomycete 780 [30] Coriolopsis fulvocinerea Basidiomycete 780±10 [27] Trametes hirsuta Basidiomycete 780±10 [27] Trametes villosa Basidiomycete 780 [30] Basidiomycete PM1 Basidiomycete 759 [31] Cerrena maxima Basidiomycete 750±5 [27] Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Basidiomycete 750 [30] Trametes pubescens (LAC1) Basidiomycete 746±5 [32] Pleurotus ostreatus (POXC) Basidiomycete 740 [28] Trametes pubescens (LAC2) Basidiomycete 738±5 [32] Trametes sp. C30 (LAC1) Basidiomycete 730 [33] Botrytis aclada Ascomycete 720 [34] 中等氧化还原电位 Rhizoctonia solani Basidiomycete 710 [35] Rigidoporus lignosus Basidiomycete 700 [36] Trichoderma harzianum WL1 Ascomycete 692 [37] Pleurotus ostreatus (POXA1b) Basidiomycete 650 [28] Trametes sp. C30 (LAC2) Basidiomycete 560 [33] Coprinus cinereus Basidiomycete 550 [38] Trichophyton rubrum LKY-7 Ascomycete 540 [39] Trametes sp. C30 (LAC3) Basidiomycete 530 [40] CueO from Escherichia col Basidiomycete 500 [41] Scytalidium thermophilum Ascomycete 510 [35] Melanocarpus albomyces Ascomycete 470 [42] Myceliophthora thermophila Ascomycete 470 [35] 低氧化还原电位 CotA from Bacillus subtilis Bacteria 455 [43] CueO from Escherichia coli Bacteria 440 [41] Rhus vernicifera Plant 434 [29] SLAC from Streptomyces coelicolor Bacteria 430 [44] McoP from Pyrobaculum aerophilum Bacteria 398 [45] Ssl1 from Streptomyces sviceus Bacteria 375 [46] -
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