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环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)作为一种喹诺酮类抗生素,因其具有较强的杀菌作用,而被广泛用作治疗和预防人类和动物疾病的抗菌药[1]。然而,由于该药物的滥用,且它在体内难以被吸收和代谢不完全,大量以原形及其活性代谢产物形式,随粪尿释放到水土环境中而成为一种新型污染物[2-4]。排放到水体中的CIP易于诱导耐药菌和抗性基因的产生,不利于将来对器官和人体健康的治疗,使疾病治疗难度加大,这无疑对人类健康和生态安全造成威胁[5-7]。因此,迫切需要探寻一种成本效益与降解效率兼具的去除和降解方法,以降低水体中CIP的含量,缓解其对生态安全造成的风险。
非均相类Fenton催化技术作为一种常见的高级氧化技术,是降解水体中抗生素的有效方法之一[8-9]。近年来,非均相铜基类芬顿催化剂得以广泛关注[10-12]。有研究者报道,Cu2+/Cu+易循环,可在更宽的pH范围内反应并显示出优异性能[13-14],但其催化效率仍有改进提升的空间[15]。调控催化剂的表面特性被认为是提高污染物催化降解效率的一种新策略[16]。通过引入其他多价金属元素,催化剂不仅可获得更粗糙的表面且增加表面积,显著增加活性位点,有助于提高催化剂的吸附和催化性能,而且不同金属之间的协同作用还有利于加速金属离子的电子转移和氧化还原循环[17]。
众所周知,Al2O3具有路易斯酸性及碱性,能在较高的pH废水体系中保持稳定的Fenton活性。作为载体材料,Al2O3能促进活性组分的扩散,增加活性位点的数量,甚至可以促进催化剂界面氧化还原电子对的传递,因此,其在环境保护领域应用广泛[13,18-20]。但掺杂Al元素的非均相铜基类芬顿催化剂催化降解抗生素类物质却未见报道。基于此,本研究采用水热合成法制备以Cu为核心元素、掺杂Al元素的非均相铜基类芬顿催化剂,研究了Cu/Al金属盐的不同温度合成的催化剂对CIP催化降解效果;通过XRD、SEM、XPS、BET等技术对Cu/Al催化剂进行了分析表征;探究了不同催化剂的非均相铜基类芬顿反应体系对CIP降解效果及H2O2消耗量和·OH产生量的影响;探讨了催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、初始pH等影响因素对Cu/Al-180催化剂催化降解效果的影响,同时考察了催化剂的循环使用活性,以期为CIP及其他抗生素污染水体的净化处理提供参考。
Cu/Al催化剂的制备及其在环丙沙星降解反应中的应用
Preparation of Cu/Al heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst and its application in ciprofloxacin degradation reaction
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摘要: 为解决传统Fenton法在水体通常的酸碱(pH>6.0)条件下活性低的问题,采用水热合成法制备了掺杂Al的非均相铜基类芬顿催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及比表面与孔隙度分析(BET)等技术对其结构和形貌进行了表征;以20 mg·L−1的环丙沙星(CIP)为目标污染物,研究了不同催化剂的非均相铜基类芬顿反应体系对CIP的降解效果及H2O2消耗量和·OH产生量的影响;探讨了Cu/Al-180催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、初始pH 3个因素对Cu/Al-180催化剂的非均相类芬顿催化降解性能的影响;考察了催化剂的循环使用活性及稳定性。结果表明:不同温度下合成的Cu/Al催化剂主要组分是以CuO和少量Al2O3组成的介孔材料;Cu/Al-180催化剂具有较好的结晶度及均匀的颗粒状表面形貌,且对CIP具有最高的催化活性;在Cu/Al-180催化剂投加量为3.0 g·L−1、H2O2投加量为149.55 mmol·L−1、pH为5.0条件下,反应时间120 min时CIP降解率为93.3%;Cu/Al-180催化剂催化H2O2的pH范围明显拓展,在弱酸性和中性条件下表现出优良的催化性能;合成的Cu/Al-180催化剂经过5次连续循环使用后对CIP降解率可达64.2%,表明该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,且金属离子溶出量较少。Abstract: To address the problem of low activity for traditional Fenton method in water under normal acid-base(pH>6.0) conditions, the heterogeneous copper based Fenton-like catalysts doped with Al were prepared by hydrothermal synthetic method. The structure and morphology were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET. With 20 mg·L−1 ciprofloxacin(CIP) as the target pollutant, the effects of heterogeneous copper based Fenton-like reaction systems with different catalysts on CIP degradation, H2O2 consumption and ·OH production were studied. The effects of catalyst dosages, H2O2 dosages and initial pH on CIP degradation with Cu/Al-180 catalyst were discussed, as well as the recycling activities and stability of Cu/Al-180 catalyst. The results showed that the Cu/Al catalysts synthesized at different temperatures were the mesoporous material with CuO and a small amount of Al2O3, of which Cu/Al-180 catalyst had good crystallinity and uniform granular surface morphology, and showed the highest catalytic activity for CIP. Under the reaction conditions of 3.0 g·L−1 catalyst dose, 149.55 mol·L−1 H2O2 dose and pH=5.0, CIP degradation rate could reach 93.3% within 120min. The Cu/Al-180/H2O2 system widened the pH range, which resulted in superior organics removal even at mild-acidic to medium pHs. CIP degradation rate maintained 64.2% even after five consecutive cycles, which indicates that Cu/Al-180 catalyst had a high catalytic activity and low copper ion release.
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Key words:
- catalysis /
- heterogeneous Fenton-like method /
- Cu/Al catalyst /
- ciprofloxacin(CIP) /
- degradation
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