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双酚A (bisphenol A, BPA)是合成塑料的原料,可以制成各种常见的塑料品,如水瓶、运动器材、医疗器械等。不合理的使用使其广泛存在于工业废水、地表水、地下水甚至饮用水中[1]。双酚A具有神经毒性、免疫毒性、致癌性和致畸性[2],也可影响人和动物的内分泌系统,导致雄性动物雌性化和生殖能力下降。因此,去除双酚A对生态环境和人类健康有重要意义。
目前,双酚A的脱除方法有物理法、化学法、生物法等。其中,酶法处理因其速度快、选择性强而得到了广泛的应用[3]。辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase, HRP)是一种具有铁卟啉活性中心的血红素蛋白,能在过氧化氢的存在下氧化降解双酚A。当底物分子被氧化成自由基后,可以重新排列、偶联形成相应的聚合物以及其他化合物[4],这些化合物无毒,易于从水中去除。然而,游离的HRP存在着热稳定性和存储稳定性差、成本高、难回收且不能重复利用的缺点。一种有效的解决方法是将酶固定在特定载体上[3],可显著改善其稳定性,实现其长期使用。
金属有机骨架(metal organic frameworks, MOFs)是由金属离子和有机配体通过络合作用自组装形成的具有周期性网络结构的晶态多孔材料,既结合了无机材料的稳定性,又结合了有机材料的多样可修饰性。MOFs材料由于具有较大的比表面积、可调节的多孔形态和良好的生物相容性,在生物传感、催化、药物缓释等领域取得了重大突破[5]。已有研究证明金属有机骨架可以用于酶的共价固定化。SHIN等[6]通过二环己基碳二亚胺使胰蛋白酶接枝到MIL-88B-NH2(Cr)上,并用于牛血清蛋白降解。DOHERTY等[7]利用戊二醛将β-葡萄糖苷酶固定在NH2-MIL-53(A1)上用于催化水解D-水杨苷转化成葡萄糖。据报道,MIL-88B(Fe)是一种高稳定性、高生物相容性的铁基MOF[8]。基于此,本研究中,利用MIL-88B(Fe)富含官能团的优势,采用EDC/NHS作为交联剂,将HRP负载于MIL-88B(Fe)上,并考察了固定化酶降解双酚A的影响因素,探究了固定化酶的稳定性和可重复使用性。
MIL-88B(Fe)固定辣根过氧化物酶去除双酚A
Degradation of bisphenol A using horseradish peroxidase immobilized on MIL-88B(Fe)
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摘要: 通过溶剂热合成法制备了水稳定性的铁基金属有机骨架材料MIL-88B(Fe),并将辣根过氧化酶(HRP)以共价固定法负载在MIL-88B(Fe)上得到MIL-88B(Fe)/HRP复合材料,并用于降解双酚A (BPA)。通过XRD、FTIR、SEM和TGA等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明,HRP成功固定在MIL-88B(Fe)表面,没有改变MIL-88B(Fe)的形貌和晶体结构;在添加亲水剂聚乙二醇后,MIL-88B(Fe)/HRP可高效去除BPA,1 h内BPA去除率可达99.2%。分别考察了PEG用量、BPA初始质量浓度、固定化酶投加量等对降解效率的影响。结果表明,在PEG/BPA质量比0.4、pH = 7、25 ℃、BPA初始质量浓度20 mg·L−1、固定化酶投加量为0.06 g·L−1的条件下,3 h内可去除98.4%的BPA。此外,MIL-88B(Fe)/HRP复合材料具有较好的稳定性和可重复使用性,固定化HRP的贮存稳定性、热稳定性均优于游离HRP,循环使用4次后,固定化HRP的残余活性仍高于80%。以上研究结果可为新型酶固定材料的开发及其在废水处理中的应用提供参考。
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关键词:
- MIL-88B(Fe) /
- 固定化酶 /
- 辣根过氧化物酶 /
- 双酚A
Abstract: In this study, a water-stable Fe-based metal-organic framework material of MIL-88B (Fe) was prepared through a solvothermal method, then horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on MIL-88B (Fe) using covalent fixation method to prepare MIL-88B (Fe)/HRP composite for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The material was characterized via XRD, FTIR, SEM and TGA methods. The results showed that HRP was successfully immobilized on MIL-88B(Fe) without changing its morphology and crystal structure. The BPA degradation experiments showed that MIL-88B(Fe)/HRP could effectively remove BPA by adding the hydrophilic agent polyethylene glycol, and the removal rate of BPA was up to 99.2% within 1 h. The effects of PEG dosage, initial BPA concentration and immobilized enzyme dosage on the BPA degradation efficiency were investigated. The results showed that at PEG/BPA mass ratio of 0.4, pH=7, 25 ℃, initial BPA concentration of 20 mg·L−1, immobilized enzyme dosage of 0.06 g·L−1, 98.4% BPA could be removed within 3 h. At the same time, MIL-88B(Fe)/HRP had good stability and reusability. The storage stability and thermal stability of immobilized HRP were better than that of free HRP. After 4 cycles, the residual activity of immobilized HRP was still more than 80%. This study provides a reference for the development of new enzyme fixation materials and their application in wastewater treatment.-
Key words:
- MIL-88B(Fe) /
- immobilized enzyme /
- horseradish peroxidase /
- bisphenol A
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表 1 不同材料固定化酶对BPA的去除率
Table 1. BPA removal rate of enzyme immobilized with different materials
固定化材料 酶 催化剂投加量/
(g·L−1)BPA初始浓度/
(mg·L−1)降解时间/
min去除率/
%参考文献 海绵蛋白支架 漆酶 1.00 2 1 440 >95 [21] MCMSs 漆酶 2.00 20 720 85 [22] PFM HRP 0.1425 8.7 180 93 [23] TiO2 修饰的PVDF薄膜 漆酶 <0.40 34.5 5 760 91.7 [24] NF薄膜 HRP 120 20 180 95 [25] APTES改性的TiO2纳米颗粒 漆酶 500 34.5 300 >80 [26] 磁丝纤蛋白纳米颗粒 HRP 500 50 160 80.3 [27] MCN HRP 0.5 10 50 85.7 [28] MIL-88(Fe) HRP 0.10 20 60 99.2 本研究 注:NF薄膜、APTES改性的TiO2纳米颗粒、磁丝纤蛋白纳米颗粒3种固定化材料的催化剂投加量单位为U·L−1。 -
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