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四溴双酚S(tetrabromobisphenol S,TBBPS)作为添加型或反应型溴代阻燃剂被广泛应用于电子设备、塑料和纺织品中,在其生产、使用、回收的过程中,又不可避免的进入池塘、湖泊、河流等水体中,最后汇入海洋[1]。近年来,四溴双酚S以及其衍生物在水体及其水生动物中被检测出来。有研究者[2]发现,微量四溴双酚S有致癌作用、肝毒性、破坏内分泌系统,所以选用合适且有效的方法对其降解处理,使得健康风险降到最低显得尤为重要。
近年来,高级氧化技术被广泛的应用于难降解有机废水的处理中,包括 Fenton 氧化法[3]、光催化氧化法[4]、臭氧氧化法[5]、电化学降解法[6]和放电等离子体方法[7-8]等,其中,等离子体技术作为一种绿色有效的去除有机污染物的技术,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。该技术通过提供高能电子、离子、活性自由基、激发态原子和分子[9]参与化学反应;同时,光、热、电场和局部空化等物理效应也有利于有机污染物的降解。
介质阻挡放电因其放电面积大,效果均匀稳定,被广泛应用于等离子体水处理研究中[10],但是,其存在的主要问题是活性物质的传质效率不高导致处理效果不佳[11]。通过近年研究发现,利用鼓泡法在气泡内产生活性物质自由扩散进入水相,可有效地增加气液传质界面,促进活性物质的吸收和利用[12-14]。另一种提高气液传质效率的办法是增加气液间的比表面积,采用降膜式反应器,既能增强活性物质的吸收,又能增强有机污染物的去除[15-16]。
在本研究中采用了泡膜式介质阻挡放电等离子体反应器,相比较于降膜式反应器,其具有多级传质和多级放电的双重特性,从活性物质产生效率和活性物质利用效率来看是理想的。根据这些优势,我们推测其对四溴双酚S的降解是有效的。本文考察了放电电压、空气流量、液体流量、活性物质抑制剂对TBBPS降解效果的影响,且对四溴双酚S降解机理进行了初步的分析,以期对难降解的有机废水提供一种有效且实用的处理方法。
泡膜式介质阻挡放电等离子体去除模拟生产废水中的四溴双酚S
Removal of TBBPS from simulated production wastewater by bubble film dielectric barrier discharge plasma
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摘要: 为了有效的降解生产废水中的四溴双酚S(TBBPS),采用泡膜式介质阻挡放电等离子体处理装置,研究了放电等离子体对TBBPS降解的影响。分别探讨了放电电压、空气流量、液体流量、活性物质抑制剂对TBBPS降解效果的影响;考察了降解过程中pH、电导率、COD和生物毒性的变化。结果表明,在放电电压为12.5 kV、空气流量为1.8 L·min−1、液体流量为150 mL·min−1时,处理9 min后其TBBPS去除率达到95 %以上;活性物质抑制剂对TBBPS的降解有一定的抑制作用,活性物质
$ \cdot {\rm{O}}_2^ - $ 是反应体系中的主要活性物质;在降解过程中,pH不断下降,电导率不断上升,COD先升高后降低,生物毒性呈下降趋势。紫外-可见分光光度计全波扫描结果表明,TBBPS对应的特征吸收峰随处理时间变小,表明等离子体处理会破坏TBBPS的结构。以上研究结果可为TBBPS的有效降解提供参考。Abstract: In order to realize the effective degradation of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) in wastewater, a bubble-film dielectric barrier discharge plasma device was used to study the effect of discharge plasma on TBBPS degradation. The effects of discharge voltage, air flow rate, liquid flow rate and addition of the active substance inhibitors on the degradation of TBBPS were investigated, respectively, and the variations of pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological toxicity during the degradation process were examined. The results showed that when the discharge voltage was 12.5 kV, the air flow rate was 1.8 L·min−1 and the liquid flow rate was 150 mL·min−1, the removal rate of TBBPS reached more than 95% after 9 min treatment. The active substance inhibitors had a certain inhibition effect on the degradation of TBBPS, and the active substance$ \cdot {\rm{O}}_2^ - $ was the main active substance in the reaction system. In the process of degradation, pH decreased, the conductivity increased, the COD increased first and then decreased, and the biological toxicity showed a downward trend. The full wave scanning results of UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that the characteristic absorption peak of TBBPS decreased with the increase of treatment time, indicating that the plasma treatment could destroy the structure of TBBPS. The above results can provide a reference for the effective degradation of TBBPS. -
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