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传统的非均相芬顿催化剂材料多以铜基或铁基掺杂其他金属元素合成,因而存在工艺复杂、合成成本高、失活催化剂作为固体废弃物难以处理等问题。然而,自然界中的天然矿物本身具有低成本易处理的优点,故本研究以天然矿石作为异相芬顿催化剂来解决芬顿工艺现阶段存在的问题。天然矿物主要形成于火山喷发和地震等地壳运动,已被证明具有优异的催化性能[1-3],并在生产应用过程中扮演重要作用。例如,黄铜矿和赤铁矿已被证明在催化降解有机污染物和染料分子中有较高的活性[4-7];天然磁黄铁矿活化过氧硫酸盐可用于高效降解二丁基二硫代磷酸铵[8];天然磁性闪锌矿和黑钨矿曾作为可见光光催化剂在有机物降解和病原微生物灭活方面展现出优异的效果[9-10]。因此,开发和研究天然矿石作为异相芬顿催化剂活化过氧化氢降解废水中的有机污染物具有重要的应用价值。
本研究选取中国河南省矿区的一种天然辉铜矿,利用特定的物理化学手段对天然矿石进行了改良优化,从而实现天然矿石内部活性物质的有效暴露,进而获得更高效的催化效果[11],故以此物质作为一种非均相芬顿催化剂使用。鉴于含苯酚及其衍生物废水较强的水生态毒性,我国已将其列为重点解决的有害废水之一[12-14],因此,以苯酚为目标污染物来评价天然矿石催化剂活性具有重要意义。相比于传统经过复杂工序合成的非均相芬顿催化剂[15],利用物理改性的天然矿石具有经济高效、处理工艺简单、产量丰富和易再生等优势,为非均相芬顿催化氧化的拓展应用开辟了新思路。
天然矿石催化非均相芬顿反应降解苯酚
Application of natural ore catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton reaction to degradation of phenol
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摘要: 针对常用异相Fenton催化剂制备成本高且催化材料难处理等关键问题,通过对天然矿石进行简单物理球磨处理,开发了一种具有高效催化活化过氧化氢能力的异相催化剂并进行了苯酚降解实验。结果表明,天然矿石可有效活化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,且效率与球磨时间呈正相关。以12 h球磨样品为例,在pH为3的条件下,5 min内对苯酚的去除可达99%以上,矿化率达66%;淬灭实验进一步证实了·OH在苯酚降解中的关键作用。对比反应前后矿石表面X射线光电子能谱(XPS)可发现,反应后Fe(Ⅱ)含量降低并伴有Cu(Ⅱ)的出现,因而证实了Cu(Ⅰ)和Fe(Ⅱ)是发挥催化性能的活性成分。Abstract: The high cost of heterogeneous activators fabrication and their difficult treatment restrict the practical application of Fenton-like process. By physical ball grinding treatment of natural ores, this study developed a sophisticated approach for preparation of heterogeneous activators toward efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation. According to the result of electron spin resonance (ESR), the natural ores powders could effectively activate the H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals, which exhibited a positive relationship to ball grinding time. At pH=3, the degradation and mineralization efficiencies toward phenol reached 99% and 66% within 5 min, respectively. The key role of ·OH radical in phenol degradation was further confirmed by quenching experiments. In the combination of the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the contents of Cu(Ⅰ) and Fe(Ⅱ) decreased remarkably after Fenton-like reaction, which confirmed that the low valance of Cu and Fe should be the active sites in the natural activator.
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Key words:
- nature ore /
- phenol wastewater /
- Fenton reaction
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