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提高人工快速渗滤(constructed rapid infiltration,CRI)系统的脱氮除磷性能是确保该工艺高效处理城镇生活污水的关键[1-2]。在诸多研究中,强化CRI系统中基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite,CANON)作用被认为是提高该工艺脱氮效果的重要途径,此技术随之用于城镇生活污水处理[3]。截至目前,有学者相继开展了常温和低
$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $ -N浓度下CRI系统中CANON作用的发生及强化研究,并取得了一定进展[4-5]。然而,在处理城镇生活污水时,CANON型CRI工艺仍存在不足,突出表现在以下2点:首先,由于污水中不可避免地含有一定浓度的有机物,CRI系统中的CANON作用通常与反硝化耦合,以期通过构建同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation,ANAMMOX)与反硝化(simultaneous nitrification,ANAMMOX and denitrification,SNAD)耦合反应体系实现高效脱氮[6],然而,生活污水中偏低的$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4}^ + $ -N浓度与较高的碳氮比(C/N)会影响CANON反应的强度及稳定性,由此会引起系统脱氮性能的波动[7];其次,无论是CANON作用亦或是SNAD作用均无法去除污水中的磷素,CRI装置中的填料对磷素的吸附沉淀效果会随运行时间的延长而下降,从而导致系统的除磷性能不可持续[8]。作为另一种备受关注的生物脱氮除磷新技术,反硝化除磷(denitrifying phosphorus removal,DPR)工艺可消耗有机碳源,并可发挥“一碳两用”的功能,使除磷和反硝化在缺氧环境下同时完成[9]。有研究结果初步证实,反硝化除磷耦合ANAMMOX作用的生物同步脱氮除磷工艺具备高效处理市政污水的潜力[10-11],如能在CRI系统中实现CANON作用与DPR作用的耦合,则CANON型CRI工艺的上述缺陷便有可能得到弥补。
本研究尝试构建了基于同步短程硝化、ANAMMOX、反硝化和反硝化除磷(simultaneous partial nitrification,ANAMMOX,denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal,SNADPR)作用的复合式人工快速渗滤(hybrid constructed rapid infiltration,H-CRI)系统,考察和探究了该系统的运行效能及微生物特性,而后对其中氮磷元素的归趋进行了解析。期望通过此研究,可探寻有效措施以弥补CANON型CRI工艺在处理城镇生活污水时的缺陷,提高其脱氮除磷性能及其稳定性,进而推动新型生物同步脱氮除磷工艺的研发及应用。
基于SNADPR作用的复合式人工快速渗滤系统的运行性能及微生物学特征
Study on the operation performance and microbiological characteristics of a hybrid constructed rapid infiltration system utilizing the SNADPR process
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摘要: 将基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)作用的人工快速渗滤(CRI)装置与反硝化除磷(DPR)型CRI装置耦合为基于同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化和反硝化除磷(SNADPR)作用的复合式人工快速渗滤(H-CRI)系统,探究了其运行性能及微生物学特征。当H-CRI系统按照内循环潮汐流模式连续运行时,反应装置在水力负荷为0.18 m3·(m2·d)−1的条件下对生活污水中有机物、TN、
$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $ -N和TP的去除率分别可达(94.39±1.32)%、(97.87±0.43)%、(99.00±0.32)%和(95.96±2.79)%。其中,CANON反应与生物蓄磷作用分别是系统脱氮除磷的主要途径,两者去除的氮磷量分别占H-CRI系统脱氮除磷总量的(72.13±6.12)%和(82.29±5.58)%。结合分子生物学实验结果可知,适宜的耦合模式有助于实现H-CRI系统中好氧氨氧化微生物、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌和聚磷菌群的有效协作,进而可促进SNADPR反应体系在其中形成并强化,实现对生活污水中有机物及氮磷元素的高效同步去除。Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the operation performance and associated microbiological characteristics of a hybrid constructed rapid infiltration (H-CRI) system utilizing the simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX, denitrification, and denitrifying phosphorus removal (SNADPR) process, which was composed of a constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) device utilizing the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process and a CRI device with the denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) process. The results showed that, as the H-CRI system was operated according to the internal circulation tidal flow operation mode, the average removal efficiencies of organics, TN,$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $ -N, and TP by the coupling device could reach (94.39±1.32)%, (97.87±0.43)%, (99.00±0.32)%, and (95.96±2.79)% at the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 0.18 m3·(m2·d)−1, respectively. Regarding the coupling system, the CANON process and luxury phosphorus uptake by PAOs were the main pathways in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, which accounted for (72.13±6.12)% and (82.29±5.58)% of total nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. In combination with the results of experiments of the molecular biology, the appropriate coupling mode could be conducive to the effective collaboration among four functional microbes [namely aerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB), denitrifying bacteria, and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs)] in the H-CRI system when treating domestic sewage, then promoted the formation and reinforcement of the SNADPR process, which resulted in the simultaneous efficient removal of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus by the system. -
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