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催化氧化技术是目前去除挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)最有效的方法之一,其核心在于催化剂的研发。根据催化剂中活性组分的不同,一般将其分为贵金属催化剂(如Pd、Pt、Au、Ru等)[1-4]和非贵金属催化剂(Cu、Mn、Co、Ce、Ni等)[5-11]。贵金属催化剂由于具有良好的低温催化活性和选择性,使得部分贵金属催化剂(Pd和Pt)已实现了工业化应用。但在实际工业应用中,贵金属催化剂存在价格昂贵、活性组分易挥发和易中毒失活等问题,因此,在一定程度上限制了其推广应用[12]。非贵金属催化剂主要指过渡金属氧化物及其混合物,由于价格低廉、资源丰富,同时具有良好的氧化还原性能等优点,近年来受到越来越多的关注,被认为是贵金属催化剂的良好替代品[12]。
单一锰氧化物催化剂(如Mn3O4、Mn2O3和MnO2)在VOCs的催化氧化中表现出良好的活性,但其催化氧化性能受到催化剂的比表面积、Mn4+含量、表面氧物种及催化剂的氧化还原性等诸多因素的影响[13-16]。与贵金属催化剂的催化氧化性能相比,单一金属氧化物的性能难以满足要求,因此,近年来,许多科研工作者都在探索提高其催化氧化性能的方法。其中,过渡金属元素掺杂改性形成混合金属氧化物催化剂的研究最为广泛,如Mn-Ce、Mn-Co、Mn-Cu等的催化氧化性能相对于单一氧化物催化剂均能得到提高[12]。然而,这些二元复合氧化物催化剂通常是通过物理混合、共沉淀、浸渍等方法制备的,这些方法可能受到元素扩散速率和金属前驱体沉淀速率的影响,从而易形成非均相催化剂[17-19]。为了避免形成非均相催化剂,ARENA等[20-21]首次报道了采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备“分子”级别高分散态Mn-Ce复合氧化物催化剂,其对于邻二甲苯的催化氧化性能优异,表明金属元素混合均匀的高分散态催化剂有助于提高其催化氧化性能。
本研究采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备Mn-Ce二元复合氧化物催化剂,考察其对苯的催化氧化性能,并与共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce催化剂及单一金属氧化物(Mn2O3和CeO2)进行对比,结合催化剂的多种表征结果,建立了催化剂的结构-活性关系(构效关系);在此基础上,研究了氧化还原共沉淀法制备的其他二元复合锰氧化物催化剂(Mn-Co、Mn-Cu和Mn-Sn)对苯的催化氧化性能,发现Ce和Sn掺杂锰氧化物催化剂性能最好。
氧化还原共沉淀法制备的二元锰氧化物催化剂催化氧化苯的效果
Effect of catalytic oxidation of benzene over binary manganese oxide catalysts prepared by redox co-precipitation
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摘要: 通过氧化还原共沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,用于苯的催化氧化,并结合一系列表征手段研究了催化剂的构效关系。结果表明,相对于共沉淀法,通过氧化还原共沉淀法制备的锰铈复合氧化物催化剂具有较大的孔径和比表面积,较好的低温还原性,拥有更好的苯催化氧化性能。之后采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备了不同金属元素(Co、Cu和Sn)掺杂改性的锰氧化物催化剂,并对苯进行催化氧化评价,发现不同元素(Co、Cu、Ce和Sn)掺杂均能提高锰氧化物催化剂的催化氧化活性,其中Ce、Sn掺杂之后得到的催化剂的催化氧化性能最佳,而对于不同催化体系,催化剂的氧化还原性与催化活性能之间没有必然联系。Abstract: Manganese-cerium composite oxide catalysts and manganic oxide catalysts were prepared by redox co-precipitation and co-precipitation firstly, and their catalytic performance for benzene oxidation was investigated. The structure-activity relationship of these catalysts was studied by a series of characterizing methods. The results showed that the catalysts prepared by redox co-precipitation had larger pore size, specific surface area, more excellent low-temperature reducibility and catalytic-oxidation performance than those prepared by co-precipitation. Then, a variety of manganic oxide catalysts doped with different metallic elements (Co, Cu, Ce, Sn) were prepared by redox co-precipitation method, and their catalytic-oxidation properties towards benzene were evaluated. The results showed that the catalytic-oxidation properties were improved for the manganic oxide catalysts doped with these elements, and the best improvement was Ce or Sn-doped catalyst. For different catalyst systems, there was no necessary relation between oxidation reduction and catalytic activity.
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表 1 OP-Mn3Ce1、CP-Mn3Ce1、Mn2O3和CeO2催化剂的比表面积、孔容和平均孔径
Table 1. Specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of OP-Mn3Ce1, CP-Mn3Ce1, Mn2O3 and CeO2 catalysts
样品 比表面积/
(m2·g– 1)总孔容/
(cm3·g– 1)平均孔径/
nmOP-Mn3Ce1 105.6 0.31 12.4 CP-Mn3Ce1 63.6 1.57 9.6 Mn2O3 31.6 0.24 30.8 CeO2 61.8 2.07 6.5 注:比表面积通过Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)方法计算;总孔容和平均孔径通过Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)方法得到。 -
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