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近年来,我国自然水体中砷和磷复合污染案例屡见不鲜。砷(As)及其化合物主要通过人类工农业生产及地球化学循环而进入地表及地下水中。长期饮用高砷水会对人类的生理健康造成严重的危害,故地表水砷污染导致的饮用水健康风险问题受到人们的广泛关注[1-2]。因此,世界卫生组织(WHO)、美国环境保护署(EPA)等众多组织将饮用水中的砷含量限定为10 μg·L−1以下[3-5]。此外,水体富营养化也对我国各类水体(主要是湖泊、水库及河流城市河段)造成了严重威胁,而磷是引起水体富营养化的主要因子之一[6-8]。有研究表明,环境中磷和砷存在着竞争关系,砷容易置换出磷,从而被细胞吸收导致中毒[9-10]。因此,从环境治理、资源回收等角度考虑,有必要对污染水体中的砷和磷进行控制。
在现有砷、磷去除技术中,吸附法作为较成熟的除砷及除磷方法之一,具有处理效果好、经济安全、操作简单等特点,在小城镇及农村等分散供水地区水处理技术中具有明显优势[11-12]。近年来,新型吸附剂的开发成为国内外学者的研究重点。其中,介孔材料具有均一的孔径、较大的比表面积、稳定的骨架结构和易于修饰等优点,在环境治理领域已得到广泛的运用[13-15]。目前,已有研究报道吸附法单独去除水中的磷或砷时均有良好的效果[16-17],但是,对于砷、磷共存情况下对吸附剂性能的研究还较少。因此,本研究通过镧金属掺杂对介孔材料进行改性,合成了La-MCM-41吸附剂,考察了其同步去除砷、磷复合污染的性能,以期为同步去除环境水体中砷和磷提供参考。
镧改性介孔材料对砷、磷的吸附
Adsorption of phosphorus and arsenic on La-modified mesoporous materials
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摘要: 为探究在复合污染条件下介孔吸附材料对砷、磷的去除效果,通过水热合成法制备镧金属改性介孔吸附材料(La-MCM-41),采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法对改性前后的介孔吸附剂进行了表征;研究了介孔吸附剂在不同吸附体系中对砷、磷的降解效果、等温线及动力学。结果表明:La-MCM-41仍具有长程有序的六方相介孔结构,BET比表面积、总孔容均减小,平均孔径有所增加;介孔吸附剂在单独吸附体系下对砷、磷的吸附量大于同步吸附体系,且均符合二级反应动力学。通过分析可知,在2种体系下,改性后的介孔吸附剂极大地提高了对砷、磷的吸附量,是一种经济高效的吸附材料。Abstract: In this study, La doped mesoporous material (La-MCM-41) was synthesized through the hydrothermal method and used to remove arsenic and phosphorus under combined pollution conditions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the pristine mesoporous absorbent and La-MCM-41. In different systems, the arsenic and phosphorus adsorption capacity, isotherm and kinetics of by La-MCM-41 were studied. The results show that compared with pristine mesoporous absorbent, La-MCM-41 maintained a long range-ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure, and its BET specific surface area and total pore volume decreased, while its average pore diameter increased. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of arsenic or phosphorus in adsorption single system by La-MCM-41 was greater than that in the synchronous adsorption system, and both adsorption systems could be well described by the second order kinetics. As a cost-effective adsorbent of the modified mesoporous material, its adsorption capacity of arsenic and phosphorus was greatly improved under two systems.
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Key words:
- mesoporous materials /
- arsenic /
- phosphorus /
- synchronous adsorption
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表 1 不同吸附剂去除As(V)和P性能的比较
Table 1. Comparison of As(V) and P adsorption by different adsorbents
表 2 La-MCM-41同步去除As(V)和P的动力学参数
Table 2. Kinetic models parameters for simultaneous removal of As(V) and P by La-MCM-41
温度/℃ 吸附类型 准一级动力学 准二级动力学 Qe/(mg·g−1) k1 R2 Qe/(mg·g−1) k2 R2 15 同步吸附P 10.38 0.160 3 0.965 46.08 0.094 0.997 15 同步吸附As 18.87 0.175 4 0.962 34.36 0.018 0.997 25 同步吸附P 12.08 0.252 8 0.903 47.17 0.118 0.999 25 同步吸附As 17.73 0.177 7 0.945 34.48 0.028 0.997 35 同步吸附P 13.57 0.363 3 0.992 48.31 0.165 0.999 35 同步吸附As 16.07 0.179 7 0.949 34.72 0.041 0.998 45 同步吸附P 14.11 0.695 2 0.991 50 0.222 0.999 45 同步吸附As 13.77 0.180 4 0.926 34.72 0.054 0.998 表 3 La-MCM-41吸附As(V)和P的等温吸附模型参数
Table 3. Isotherm parameters for As(V) and P adsorption onto La-MCM-41
吸附类型 Langmuir Freundlich Qm/(mg·g−1) KL/(L·mg−1) R2 n KF/(mg·g−1) R2 单独吸附P 192.3 0.09 0.99 2.39 26.66 0.989 单独吸附As 163.93 0.14 0.982 2.73 24.75 0.988 同步吸附P 188.68 0.075 0.983 2.39 24.61 0.993 同步吸附As 133.33 0.075 0.979 2.38 17.3 0.987 -
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