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我国西北干旱地区水资源短缺,生活污水再生回用农业技术应用广泛,但污水处理厂的生活污泥缺乏合理的处置方式。目前,污泥处置方法主要有物理填埋、焚烧和污泥堆肥,填埋和焚烧均对生态环境有一定的污染,而污泥堆肥可以在高温发酵过程中杀死病原菌,其最终产品可以作为有机肥料或土壤改良剂[1]。这既解决了城市污泥处置难的问题,又可为农业生产、城市绿化、苗圃育苗等提供肥料[2]。因此,污泥堆肥处置是有机物循环再利用的有效途径。我国西北干旱地区生活污泥利用离心技术脱水后的含水率在90%左右,而经过压滤板压滤后的含水率仍高达65%~75%,高含水率导致污泥在堆肥过程中存在升温和腐熟慢,养分损失多,而且还容易产生有毒有害气体的问题。因此,西北干旱地区污泥堆肥过程中亟需解决高含水率污泥升温速度慢的问题。
污泥好氧堆肥的升温速度和成品质量受添加辅料因素的影响。研究表明,污泥好氧堆肥辅料为稻草和秸秆时升温快,为锯末时氮素损失小[3-6]。秸秆小粒径比大粒径更有利于保存堆肥产品的养分;污泥与秸秆体积比1∶2时升温速度和腐熟度较好,堆肥产品中养分含量随着污泥和秸秆比例升高而增大,污泥堆肥处理成本也随之升高[7-9]。MAZDAK等[10]和ZHANG等[11]发现,适宜的翻抛工艺可以解决堆肥升温慢、效率低、成品质量差的问题。可见,污泥与辅料的配比、粒径及翻抛工艺是影响污泥堆肥升温速率和堆肥产品质量的重要因素。在我国,已有研究多集中于不同辅料的选择、配比和粒径等单因素对污泥堆肥升温速率和堆肥产品质量的影响方面,而综合这些因素对西北干旱地区污泥好氧堆肥过程中各项指标动态变化规律影响的研究相对较少。
本研究在我国西北干旱区通过开展3因素3水平的正交实验,研究玉米秸秆比例、粒径及翻抛工艺对污泥堆肥堆体内部温度、pH、电导率及水分的影响,筛选适宜该地区污泥堆肥的玉米秸秆添加比例、粒径及翻抛工艺,以期为我国西北干旱地区生活污泥高效堆肥提供参考。
Effects of auxiliary materials and pile-turning technique on the dynamical changes of some physical index of sludge composite in northwest arid region
- Received Date: 15/11/2021
- Available Online: 31/08/2022
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Key words:
- northwest drought district /
- domestic sludge /
- aerobic composting /
- ratio of auxiliary materials /
- double cast process
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to clarify the influence of auxiliary materials and pile-turning technique on the dynamic change of physical index of sludge composting in northwest arid region, and to provide suitable technical parameters for organic fertilizer production with domestic sludge. The temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, moisture content and its dynamic change in the upper, middle and lower layers of the windrow were studied by a large windrow composting system with an orthogonal experiment of 9 strips including 3 factors (ratio of auxiliary materials, particle size of auxiliary materials and turning-over process) and 3 levels. Results showed that the rate of temperature increase of compost was as fast as 17.3 ℃·d−1 and the highest temperature reached over 75 ℃ with 15% straw ratio. The duration of high temperature period got 22 days with the straw particle size of 5 cm. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increased with the increase of the straw ratio, and the maximum value of EC at the end of experiment was achieved with 15% straw ratio. The moisture content at upper layer was higher with the treatment of conventional turning-over after standing for 6 d within composting 10 days and then gradually tended to be consistent among different layers after composting 30 days. However, the moisture content of each layer showed a vertical gradient of lower layer > upper layer > middle layer with conventional turning-over after composting 15 days. The maximum affecting factor on sludge composting temperature was corn straw particle size, while the maximum affecting factor on sludge composting moisture content was corn straw ratio during sludge composting. In a word, the optimal composting parameters for the sludge composting system in the northwest arid region are 15% corn stalks, 5 cm particle size of the stalks, and conventional turning-over after standing for 6 days. The results of this study can provide a reference for sludge window composting in the arid region of northwest China.