Advanced total nitrogen removal by the column of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox coupled slow-release carbon source

NI Mazelang; MU Yongjie; XUE Xiaofei; ZHANG Lili; SU Bensheng; CAO Zhiqi

doi:10.12030/j.cjee.202103059

2021 Volume 15 Issue 7

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NI Mazelang, MU Yongjie, XUE Xiaofei, ZHANG Lili, SU Bensheng, CAO Zhiqi. Advanced total nitrogen removal by the column of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox coupled slow-release carbon source[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(7): 2468-2479. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202103059

Citation:

NI Mazelang, MU Yongjie, XUE Xiaofei, ZHANG Lili, SU Bensheng, CAO Zhiqi. Advanced total nitrogen removal by the column of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox coupled slow-release carbon source[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2021, 15(7): 2468-2479. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.202103059

Advanced total nitrogen removal by the column of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox coupled slow-release carbon source

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Institute of Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing 100102, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Lili, zhanglili03@bewg.net.cn ;
Received Date: 09/03/2021
Available Online: 10/07/2021

Abstract

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to domesticate the one-stage partial nitrification-anammox process. When its stable operation happened, the SBR effluent entered the filter column with different volume fill ratios of slow-release carbon source for advanced nitrogen removal. The results showed that the stable operation of the one-stage partial nitrification-anammox process was successfully realized after 176 days of domestication in SBR. When the influent concentration of ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N was 100 mg·L⁻¹, the removal rates of ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N and TN reached 98% and 73%, respectively. The activities of AOB and anammox bacteria increased to 8.6 mg·(h·g)⁻¹ and 12.6 mg·(h·g)⁻¹, respectively, while NOB activity was less than 1.0 mg·(h·g)⁻¹. In the study of advanced nitrogen removal at low temperature of 15 ℃, the filter column with 15% volume fill ratio of slow-release carbon source had the best advanced nitrogen removal effect, TN in the effluent was less than 5 mg·L⁻¹ and the average COD in the effluent was 19.3 mg·L⁻¹, and advanced nitrogen removal was realized by the combination of partial nitrification-anammox and denitrification in the filter column. The average TN removal rate was 96.7% for the coupled system of SBR and the filter column with 15% volume fill ratio of slow-release carbon source, which was 28.9% higher than that of SBR.
- partial nitrification,
- Anammox,
- slow-release carbon source,
- advanced nitrogen removal,
- denitrification

References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation，Anammox)自1995年被发现便一直为污水处理领域的研究热点^[1]，具有不需要外加碳源、节省曝气能耗、污泥产量少、运行成本低等优势^[2-3]。一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺，即首先好氧氨氧化菌(aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria，AOB)在特定溶解氧等条件下将部分${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N转化成${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $-N，再通过Anammox菌代谢作用，将${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N和${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $-N转化为${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N及N₂。该工艺主要应用于处理垃圾渗滤液^[4]，畜禽养殖废水^[5]，化工废水^[6]等高${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N废水。然而由式(1)可知，该工艺理论TN去除率为88%，仍然有10%以上的TN以${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N形式存在^[7-8]。导致处理高${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N废水时，出水TN难以满足排放标准^[9]。而且当没有完全抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria，NOB)活性时，一部分进水${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N被转化成${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N，导致出水${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N高于理论值^[5]。因此，为使出水满足排放标准，应对出水${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N进行深度处理。

目前用于深度去除${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N的传统反硝化工艺，需要投加葡萄糖、甲醇、乙酸钠等有机碳源，存在投加量难以控制、影响出水水质、运行维护困难，以及易造成二次污染等诸多问题^[10-11]。经济高效的硫自养反硝化工艺也被报道用于该类废水的深度脱氮，但需要消耗碱度，并且产生的大量硫酸盐会增加水体发黑变臭的潜在风险^[12]。氢自养反硝化工艺，因氢气的制备及存储等问题，导致运行成本增加，且存在安全问题^[13]。

近年来，将固相缓释碳源作为反硝化碳源，逐渐成为研究及应用的热点。玉米芯，麦秆等天然固相碳源释碳不稳定，且含有非碳成分^[14-15]。而高分子聚合物缓释碳源具有碳源释放缓慢，可长效释碳，且不会造成二次污染的优点^[16-18]。高分子聚合物中聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates，PHAs)是最合适用于反硝化脱氮的固体基质^[19]，其反硝化速率远高于麦秆等天然有机物质，且PHAs的成本较低^[20]。近年来，PHAs中的聚羟基丁酸/戊酸酯(PHBV)作为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体的研究逐渐增多，显示了PHBV应用于生物反硝化脱氮领域的巨大潜力^[21-22]。然而，目前将一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺与含有缓释碳源的滤柱耦合起来进行深度脱氮的研究鲜有报道。

综上所述，本文首先使用序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor，SBR)研究一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动驯化，当系统达到稳定运行后，其出水利用含有新型缓释碳源PHBV的滤柱进行深度脱氮，考察了不同缓释碳源体积填充比的滤柱中的运行效果，探索了缓释碳源的最佳体积填充比，为工程应用提供技术支持。

3. 结论

1)通过逐步提高进水${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N和${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $-N配比、精确控氧曝气和投加羟胺的调控方式，成功启动一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器，最终${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N去除率达98%，TN去除率达73%，$\Delta {\rm{NO}}_3^ - - {\rm{N}}/\Delta {\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N和ΔTN/$\Delta {\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N 稳定在理论值0.11和0.88左右。

2)阶段性投加羟胺，对刺激AOB的活性和抑制NOB的活性有显著效果，最终AOB和Anammox菌活性分别提高至8.6 mg·(h·g)⁻¹和12.6 mg·(h·g)⁻¹，而NOB活性低于0.5 mg·(h·g)⁻¹。

3)在15 ℃低温条件下，缓释碳源体积填充比为15%的滤柱具有最佳的脱氮效果，出水TN小于5 mg·L⁻¹，平均出水COD值为19.3 mg·L⁻¹，且碳源的释放与消耗保持稳定状态。缓释碳源体积填充比为15%的滤柱中在一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应与反硝化反应的共同作用下完成深度脱氮。

4) SBR与缓释碳源体积填充比为15%的滤柱组成的耦合系统中平均TN去除率达到96.7%，与SBR相比，TN去除率提升了28.9%，且比一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应理论TN去除率高8.7%。通过SBR与缓释碳源体积填充比为15%的滤柱的耦合，TN去除率得到有效提升。

Figure (11) Table (1) Reference (43)

Advanced total nitrogen removal by the column of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox coupled slow-release carbon source

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