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铁炭微电解具有操作简单、条件温和的特点而被广泛用于废水净化领域。王宇峰等[1]等利用铁碳微电解预处理高盐废水,其COD去除率约为61.2%。SUN等[2]和赖波等[3]分别利用铁碳微电解净化工业废水,废水TOC的去除率分别约为55.3%和52.6%。由于铁、炭材料处于混合状态,曝气条件下铁材料容易发生钝化、板结,而且氢氧化物会包覆在活性炭的表面,影响活性炭的导电性能,并降低活性炭比表面积,最终致使传统铁炭微电解的污水净化能力下降,同时电偶腐蚀生成的Fe2+容易被氧化为Fe3+,而Fe3+则会进一步消化Fe0,导致废水处理的铁泥量大和成本增加等问题[4-7]。
利用铁、炭之间的电势差,通过形成化学原电池来实现废水污染物的净化与资源回收的研究目前较为稀少。YING等[8]在2个极室内分别放置铁电极和炭电极,以Na2SO4为电解质,采用盐桥方式形成化学原电池,考察了铁电极和炭电极在去除2,4-二氯苯酚的作用机制,但该研究的出发点仍在于探究传统铁炭微电解中的铁电极和炭电极在污染物净化中的作用。LAI等[9]以高纯度铁板作为阳极,炭材料作为阴极,并通过质子膜将两室隔开,获得了98%的废水磷回收率。针对模拟烟气的同步脱硫、脱硝、脱碳,本课题组前期采用铁炭双池原电池反应器进行了实验研究,结果表明,铁炭原电池反应器的脱硫、脱硝、脱碳率分别高达99%、85%和约50%[10]。
相对于传统的铁碳微电解,铁炭原电池反应器的铁、炭相对独立地在各自的反应极室中,铁室中不曝气,而碳室曝气。这样不仅可以避免传统铁碳微电解的铁材料消耗量大、铁泥多的问题,同时避免了铁材料的钝化、板结以及净化效率较低等问题,而且铁室和炭室各自相对独立地净化污染物,该原电池反应器具有更多的污染物净化工艺路线选择。为此,本研究考察了铁炭原电池反应器在高盐废水有机物的净化效果,并进一步探究了操作模式(间隙、半连续和连续)以及影响因素对高盐废水有机物去除的影响规律。
铁炭原电池反应器净化高盐废水初探
First exploration on the purification of high salinity wastewater by iron-carbon primary battery reactor
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摘要: 利用铁、炭间接电偶腐蚀原理,设计了铁炭原电池反应器。围绕该反应器对高盐废水总有机碳(TOC)的净化性能、操作模式(间歇、连续与半连续)以及影响因素等方面进行了研究。结果表明:铁炭原电池反应器的铁室具有良好的还原性,炭室具有良好的氧化性,高盐废水有机物的去除效果显著;反应器的半连续操作模式对高盐废水有机物去除效果最佳;半连续模式下的较佳操作条件为:固液比为15%,pH=1.7,流量为1.0 mL·min−1。在较佳操作条件下,铁室对废水TOC的去除率可达98.7%以上,而炭室对废水TOC的去除率可达99.1%以上。Abstract: An iron-carbon primary battery reactor has been designed in this study using the principle of indirect galvanic corrosion of iron and carbon. The purification performance, operation mode (batch mode, continuous mode and semi continuous mode) and influencing factors of the reactor removing total organic carbon (TOC) from high salinity wastewater were experimentally explored. The results show that for the iron-carbon primary battery reactor, its iron chamber had a good reducibility, its carbon chamber had a good oxidability, and the removal effect of organic matter in high salinity wastewater was significant; The semi continuous operation mode of the reactor had the best removal effect on organic matter in high salinity wastewater; Under the semi continuous operation mode, the optimal operating conditions were following: the solid-liquid ratio of 15%, pH=1.7, and the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1. Under optimal operating conditions, TOC removal rate from wastewater by the iron chamber could reach over 98.7%, while TOC removal rate from wastewater by the carbon chamber could reach over 99.1%.
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Key words:
- wastewater /
- iron-carbon primary battery /
- reactor /
- purification /
- organic carbon
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