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随着氯消毒工艺在饮用水处理中得到广泛应用[1],消毒副产物也随之产生。其中,卤代消毒副产物(DBPs)特别是卤乙酸(HAAs)等虽然在一些水体中的化学浓度相对较低,但因其具有高毒性、易发生致癌等特征,受到了人们越来越多的重视和关注[2]。我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》将卤乙酸的最高可允污染物排放量限制在150 μg·L−1[3]。美国环境保护署(USEPA)还提出饮用水中痕量卤代乙酸(HAA5)的污染物排放限值为60 μg·L−1[4]。
碘乙酸(MIAA)具有卤乙酸大多数的化学性质,在氯消毒过程中出现的浓度高达1.7 μg·L−1,但较其他卤代乙酸(如氯乙酸,溴乙酸)具有更强的细胞毒性和遗传毒性[5-9]。目前,常用的消毒副产物去除方法包括吸附法、生物法、氧化法、膜分离法等[10-14],但大多针对氯乙酸和溴乙酸,由于碘乙酸是近年来发现的新型消毒副产物[9],目前去除碘乙酸的方法鲜少报道,仅有的一些方法如采用UV-光解法降解碘乙酸的去除率只有3.35%[15],因此迫切地需要探索能够有效降解碘乙酸的方法。
催化加氢脱碘(hydrodeiodination,HDI)是一种简单、高效的去除碘代污染物的方法,该方法使用 H2 作为还原剂,能够在常温常压下将碘原子取代进而完成脱碘[16]。催化加氢脱碘已被证实可以去除多种碘代污染物,是一种新兴且相对绿色的方案。
本文采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了一系列不同载体(氧化铈、氧化铝、氧化硅和商用碳)负载的Pt基催化剂,并将其应用于水体中的MIAA的催化加氢脱碘,进一步探究了不同载体对催化剂活性的影响以及碘乙酸的脱碘机制。
负载型Pt/CeO2催化剂对碘乙酸的催化加氢脱碘研究
Study on catalytic hydrodeiodination of iodoacetic acid on CeO2 supported Pt catalyst
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摘要: 采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了一系列不同载体(氧化铈、氧化铝、氧化硅和商用碳)的负载型Pt基催化剂。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等手段对催化剂的结构进行了详细表征,并对碘乙酸(MIAA)的液相催化加氢脱碘反应进行了研究。结果表明,Pt/CeO2具有比其他催化剂高得多的MIAA催化加氢脱碘活性;Pt/CeO2催化活性与溶液pH呈现先升后降的火山型变化,且随Pt负载量的增加而提高;MIAA的催化加氢脱碘反应符合朗格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德(Langmuir-Hinshelwood)模型,表明MIAA脱碘反应的速率控制步骤是污染物MIAA在催化剂表面的吸附过程;经4次循环使用后,Pt/CeO2催化剂仍能去除93.4%的MIAA,具有较高的活性。Abstract: The Pt catalysts supported on varied material (CeO2, Al2O3, SiO2 and commercial C) were synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method. The structural properties of the catalysts were characterized in detail by TEM, XRD,XPS and ICP-OES, and their catalytic activities of liquid phase hydrodeiodination of iodoacetic acid (MIAA) were examined. The results showed that Pt/CeO2 had much higher MIAA catalytic hydrodeiodination activity than other catalysts. The initial activity of Pt/CeO2 showed an up-side down volcano-type dependency on pH, and enhanced with Pt loading amount. The catalytic hydrodeiodination reaction of MIAA conformed to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, which indicated that the adsorption of MIAA on the catalyst surface is the rate-controlling step of this reaction. In addition, the Pt/CeO2 catalyst can still remove 93.4% of MIAA after 4 cycles of use, and exhibits high catalytic stability during catalyst reuse.
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表 1 催化剂的基本性质
Table 1. Basic properties of the catalysts
催化剂
CatalystPt负载量/%wt a
Pt loading amountPt平均粒径/nm b
Pt particle sizes催化剂Zeta电位 c
Catalyst Zeta potentialPtn+/Pt0 d/% Pt/SiO2 1.04 N.D. < 2.0 N.D. Pt/Al2O3 0.98 N.D. 9.0 N.D. Pt/commercial C 1.01 N.D. 2.0 N.D. Pt(0.34)/CeO2 0.34 1.52 N.D. 36 Pt(0.71)/CeO2 0.71 1.59 N.D. 27 Pt(1.06)/CeO2 1.06 1.78 6.4 21 Pt(1.32)/CeO2 1.32 1.88 N.D. 19 注:a 电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定;b 根据透射电镜测定;c Zeta电位仪测定;d X射线光电子能谱仪测定;N.D. 未测
Notes:a by ICP; b by TEM; c by Zeta potentiometer; dby X-ray photoelectron spectrometer; N.D. no determined. -
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