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近年来,VOCs由于具有高危害性而成为学者们关注的热点[1-2]。目前,沸石浓缩转轮、转筒是实现VOCs吸附的较先进设备,而沸石分子筛是支撑其有效运行的关键[3]。分子筛种类繁多,主要有丝光沸石、A型、Y型及ZSM-5型等。根据分子筛对水的亲和程度,又可分为亲水性分子筛和疏水性分子筛2大类。前者常用于气体的除湿;后者可用于VOCs的吸附,且疏水性越强,吸附效果越好[4-5]。
国内外对分子筛的研究主要集中于探讨VOCs种类、相对湿度、吸附温度等因素对分子筛吸附性能的影响[4,6-8],以及对分子筛脱附方式、脱附温度等方面进行分析[9-10],而鲜有报道从分子筛的工业适用性出发,针对其应用性能指标进行综合评价。因此,本研究利用初步筛选出的2类疏水性分子筛,研究其对常见VOCs的吸附脱附性能指标及吸附动力学,以期为分子筛的选择及应用提供参考。
Y型与ZSM-5型分子筛吸附VOCs性能的对比
Comparison of VOCs adsorption performance between Y and ZSM-5 zeolite
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摘要: 从疏水性较好的分子筛中筛选出2类吸附性能优良的分子筛,通过实验考察其对VOCs的吸附量、脱附量、吸附穿透曲线、脱附活化能等,评价其对VOCs的吸附脱附性能;评估了所选分子筛经多次吸附再生后的性能稳定性,建立了一套分子筛工业应用性能指标体系。结果表明:Y型分子筛性能优于ZSM-5型分子筛;同种分子筛比表面积及孔径越大,单位质量能吸附的VOCs量越多;在甲苯/乙酸丁酯的竞争吸附体系中,Y型分子筛及ZSM-5型对甲苯的吸附量较单组分情况下分别下降了50.1%、40.1%,而对乙酸丁酯的吸附量分别增加了189%、102%;甲苯在Y型分子筛上的脱附活化能为76.7 kJ·mol−1,在ZSM-5分子筛上的脱附活化能为64.7 kJ·mol−1;Y型分子筛和ZSM-5型分子筛均具有较好的循环使用性,吸附性能稳定;Yoon-Nelson模型能较好地拟合分子筛吸附穿透曲线,拟合系数在0.97以上。Abstract: Two kinds of zeolites with good absorbability and excellent hydrophobicity were selected as absorbents. The experiments were conducted to study their adsorption capacity, desorption capacity, adsorption breakout curve, desorption activation energy, etc.. The adsorption and desorption properties for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the stability after reuse were evaluated, then a set of zeolites industrial application evaluation index system was established. The results indicate that the Y zeolites were superior to ZSM-5 zeolites in adsorption performance. The larger the specific surface area and pore size of zeolite were, the more VOCs could be adsorbed. In the competitive adsorption system of toluene/butyl acetate, the adsorption capacity of toluene decreased by 50.1% and 40.1%, respectively, and the adsorption capacity of butyl acetate increased by 189% and 102%, respectively, comparing with that of single component adsorption system. The activation energy of toluene desorption on Y zeolite and ZSM-5 were 76.7 kJ·mol-1 and 64.7 kJ·mol-1, respectively. Both Y zeolites and ZSM-5 zeolites had a good recycling performance. Yoon-Nelson model could fit the adsorption penetration curve well, and the fitting coefficient was above 0.97.
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Key words:
- zeolite Y /
- zeolite ZSM-5 /
- VOCs /
- adsorption/desorption /
- industrial application
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表 1 分子筛样品结构性质
Table 1. Structural characteristics of zeolites
分子筛 比表面积/(m2·g−1) 微孔孔容/(cm3·g−1) 总孔容/(cm3·g−1) A1 646 0.273 0.578 A2 564 0.244 0.480 B1 364 0.111 0.243 B2 375 0.168 0.253 表 2 分子筛吸附、脱附参数
Table 2. Adsorption and desorption parameters of zeolites
分子筛 污染物 静态吸附
q静态/(mg·g−1)动态吸附、脱附 t穿透/s q穿透/(mg·g−1) t平衡/s q平衡/(mg·g−1) q脱附/(mg·g−1) q脱附/ q吸附 A1 甲苯 360.9 239.0 69.90 650.0 96.50 34.80 36.10% 乙酸丁酯 351.9 790.0 45.90 1 318 63.30 34.50 54.50% 异丙醇 321.4 128.0 14.30 1 061 58.30 16.70 28.60% 环己酮 906.0 2 543 105.0 4 877 132.0 57.20 43.30% 苯乙烯 1 621 2 119 54.30 6 557 91.60 2.960 3.230% 水 63.30 A2 甲苯 345.7 282.0 72.80 650.0 99.50 32.40 32.60% 乙酸丁酯 341.7 630.0 39.20 1 322 62.00 33.50 54.00% 异丙醇 310.8 104.0 11.20 1 103 56.20 17.40 31.00% 环己酮 896.0 2 227 83.20 4 453 125.0 58.40 46.70% 苯乙烯 1 310 2 074 48.40 5 917 86.70 2.850 3.290% 水 62.50 B1 甲苯 133.8 155.0 45.00 330.0 55.70 13.80 24.80% 乙酸丁酯 174.0 522.0 30.40 731.0 38.00 12.30 32.40% 异丙醇 103.7 230.0 30.20 501.0 40.40 16.30 40.30% 环己酮 81.70 1448 45.50 2 235 54.30 32.00 58.90% 苯乙烯 159.6 702.0 17.40 1 464 30.30 15.60 51.50% 水 21.10 B2 甲苯 145.6 198.0 52.80 395.0 66.80 16.70 25.00% 乙酸丁酯 181.0 503.0 32.40 820.0 47.50 11.60 24.40% 异丙醇 110.3 238.0 27.40 424.0 35.60 13.50 37.90% 环己酮 100.8 1142 44.10 2 904 59.20 33.50 56.60% 苯乙烯 180.6 701.0 20.30 1 592 31.40 12.20 38.90% 水 14.67 -
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