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厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX)是在缺氧条件下,ANAMMOX菌利用NO2−-N(电子受体)将NH4+-N(电子供体)氧化为N2的反应过程[1-3]。相较于传统硝化-反硝化脱氮工艺,ANAMMOX工艺具有曝气量少、不消耗有机物及污泥产量低等特点,并已被成功应用于城市污水处理厂的污泥消化液及与此类似的含有高浓度氨氮的工业废水处理中[4]。然而,ANAMMOX菌生长缓慢且世代周期长[5],这成为限制厌氧氨氧化技术广泛应用的主要原因。因此,寻找合适的接种污泥用于厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动是十分必要的。
ANAMMOX菌广泛存在于城市污水处理厂中,但相对丰度较低[6-7],对总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的去除贡献一般可忽略不计。然而,在生长环境适合的条件下,ANAMMOX菌或能完成富集并发挥脱氮作用。2013年,在新加坡樟宜污水处理厂多级A/O工艺中(活性污泥)发现了ANAMMOX过程。分子生物技术结果显示,该厂活性污泥中ANAMMOX菌的含量达到106~107 mL−1,对TN的去除贡献可达62%[8]。除活性污泥外,2019年LI等[9]发现,缺氧池填料生物膜上存在大量的ANAMMOX菌。经过分子生物学、同位素标记及物料衡算等技术手段分析,发现生物膜上的ANAMMOX菌占比为0.11%,若以该生物膜启动部分反硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(partial denitrification and ANAMMOX,PD/A),将极大缩短启动时间。而若以该生物膜为接种污泥启动亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺(partial nitritation and ANAMMOX,PN/A),由于其所含硝化菌数量较少,PN/A工艺的启动或存在一定难度。2020年,本课题组发现,某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜上同时含有氨氧化菌(ammonium oxidation bacteria,AOB)和ANAMMOX菌,相对丰度分别为0.01%和0.71%,以该生物膜作为接种污泥或可成功快速启动PN/A工艺。
综上所述,本文以好氧池生物膜为接种污泥启动两段式PN/A移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR),通过测定反应器进出水及功能微生物活性,并采用高通量等手段对生物膜上的微生物种群进行了分析,考察了好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥启动两段式亚硝化厌氧氨氧化反应器的特性,探索了适用于厌氧氨氧化技术启动的接种污泥,为厌氧氨氧化工艺的大规模应用提供参考。
以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥快速启动两段式亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的可行性
Rapid start-up of a two-stage partial nitritation-ANAMMOX MBBR with inoculated biofilm from aeration tank
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摘要: 为探讨以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性,启动了两段式亚MBBR亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺并成功运行。结果表明,经过90 d的启动,在进水NH4+-N质量浓度为750 mg·L−1的条件下,亚硝化反应器负荷(以NH4+-N计)可达到9 000 mg·(m2·d)−1,平均出水NO2−-N和NH4+-N质量浓度比值为1.28,满足厌氧氨氧化的反应要求。经过180 d的启动,在进水NH4+-N和NO2−-N质量浓度分别为360 mg·L−1和380 mg·L−1的条件下,厌氧氨氧化反应器负荷(以TN计)可达到13 875 mg·(m2·d)−1,TN去除率可达(84.14±0.66)%。活性测定结果显示,AOB和ANAMMOX活性(以NH4+-N计)分别可达6 423.84 mg·(m2·d)−1和6 448.32 mg·(m2·d)−1且均可维持恒定。高通量测序结果表明,亚硝化反应器中的Nitrosomonas占比由0.02%增至20.09%,为AOB的主导菌属;厌氧氨氧化反应器中,Ca. Brocadia和Ca. Jettenia为主要的ANAMMOX菌,占比分别达到11.00%和2.07%。采用好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥可快速启动两段式亚硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺。
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关键词:
- 接种污泥 /
- 厌氧氨氧化 /
- 部分亚硝化 /
- 移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)
Abstract: To investigate the feasibility of aerobic biofilm from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the inoculated biofilm to conduct the start-up of ANAMMOX process, two bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were established to start-up two stage partial nitritation-ANAMMOX (PN/A) process. The results showed that, after 90 days of start-up, the nitrogen load of PN reactor could reach 9 000 mg·(m2·d)−1 (as NH4+-N) at the influent ammonium concentration of 750 mg·L−1. The average ratio of mass concentration of nitrite to ammonium in effluent was 1.28, which could meet the stoichiometric of ANAMMOX process. After 180 days of start-up, the TN load could reach 13875 mg·(m2·d)−1 (as TN) at the influent ammonium concentration of 360 mg·L−1 and nitrite concentration of 380 mg·L−1 in ANAMMOX reactor, and the average TN removal efficiency could reach (84.14±0.66)%. The activities of AOB and ANAMMOX (as NH4+-N) were 6 423.84 mg·(m2·d)−1and 6 448.32 mg·(m2·d)−1, respectively, and were stably maintained. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that Nitrosomonas was the predominance for AOB bacteria with relative abundance increased from 0.02% to 20.09% in PN reactor. The Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the predominance for ANAMMOX bacteria in ANAMMOX reactor, and the relative abundance of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia reached 11.00% and 2.07%, respectively. The successful start-up of two-stage PN/A reactor with aerobic biofilm provided a novel alternative for the selection of inoculated sludge.-
Key words:
- seed sludge /
- ANAMMOX /
- partial nitrification /
- MBBR
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表 1 荧光原位杂交所用探针
Table 1. Probes used in FISH
探针名称 RNA序列 标记细菌种属 Eub338 GCTGCCTCCCGTAGAGT 所有微生物 Eub338II GCAGCCACCCGTAGGTGT 所有微生物 Eub338III GCTGCCACCCGTAGGTGT 所有微生物 Amx368 CCT TTC GGG CAT TGC GAA 所有厌氧氨氧化菌 Nso1225 CGCCATTGTATTACGTGTGA β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nsm156 TATTAGCACATCTTTCGAT Nitrosomonas spp Nsv443 CCGTGACCGTTTCGTTCCG Nitrosospira spp Ntspa662 GGAATTCCGCGCTCCTCT Genus Nitrospira Nit3 CCTGTGCTCCATGCTCCG Genus Nitrobacter 表 2 不同接种污泥启动厌氧氨氧化反应器特性比较
Table 2. Comparison of start-up of ANAMMOX reactor with different inoculated sludges
序号 接种污泥 反应器类型 启动时长/d HRT/h NRL/
(kg·(m3·d)−1)温度/℃ 参考
文献1 好氧池生物膜 MBBR 180 18 0.99 30~35 本实验 2 缺氧池生物膜 MBBR 248 18 0.59 13~37 [26] 3 活性污泥 SBR 170 24 1.92 35 [27] 4 活性污泥 USFCWs 105 48 0.058 37 [28] 5 硝化污泥 SBR 61 24 0.14 32 [29] 6 硝化污泥 MBR 70 24 0.098 33 [30] 7 硝化污泥 ABR 111 24 0.089 33 [30] 8 厌氧颗粒污泥 SBR 70 24 0.14 32 [29] 9 厌氧消化污泥 SBR 85 24 0.14 32 [29] 注:USFCWs,人工湿地;SBR,序批式反应器;NRL,氮负荷。 -
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