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在我国南方地区污水厂碳源总量偏低的情况下,采用全流程生物系统改造传统二级处理的方式对总氮和总磷削减的空间有限[1],难以达到日益严格的排放标准。在原处理工艺后增设合适的处理单元,进一步去除污水厂二级处理出水中的氮、磷和悬浮物,是目前污水深度处理面临的重要问题。采用常规的“混凝+沉淀+过滤”的物化处理工艺对磷和悬浮物(SS)有较好的去除效果,但对进水SS质量浓度要求严格,对硝酸盐氮(
$ {\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N)的去除效果不佳,出水总氮(TN)难以达标[2];生物滤池对TN和SS的去除效果较好,但没有兼顾到磷的去除[3],导致深度处理的出水难以全面达到一级A标准。本研究将二级处理出水的脱氮、除磷和去除SS融于一体,通过降低滤层厚度和选用生物附着性能良好的轻质滤料,研发设计了一种新型生物膜滤池设备。该生物膜滤池通过滤料表面所附着的生物膜进行反硝化作用来达到脱氮的目的[4]。微絮凝过滤的特点是在滤池中投加多价金属离子盐,从而将絮凝作用与沉淀过程集为一体[5],进行高效化学除磷。以生物膜脱氮技术融合微絮凝除磷工艺,可同步去除二级处理出水中残留的TN、总磷(TP)和SS。本研究以福州某城镇污水处理厂二级处理的出水为对象,在厂内搭设新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池,开展了生产性实验研究,对比研究了新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池与污水厂现有深度处理采用的组合工艺在污染物去除效果、反冲洗参数、处理成本和外排水对受纳水体的环境影响等,以期为新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池的工程化应用提供参考。
新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池与高密度沉淀-纤维转盘过滤深度处理污水厂尾水效能对比
Comparative on the efficiency of novel biofilm-micro flocculation filter and high-density sedimentation-fiber carousel filtration for deep treatment of tail water from wastewater treatment plant
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摘要: 为进一步去除污水厂二级处理出水中的氮、磷和悬浮污染物,对比研究了一种新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池与高密度沉淀-纤维转盘过滤联用工艺(以下简称组合工艺)的深度处理性能。结果表明:新型生物膜-微絮凝过滤的出水TP质量浓度≤0.1 mg·L−1、
$ {{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$ -P质量浓度≤0.05 mg·L−1、SS质量浓度≤10 mg·L−1、TN质量浓度≤2 mg·L−1、$ { {\rm{NO}}_3^ - }$ -N质量浓度≤0.5 mg·L−1;出水水质对受纳水体的环境影响小,综合污染指数仅为0.731,远小于组合工艺的2.734。此外,新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池避免了频繁的反冲洗,降低了反冲洗能耗,水处理成本仅为0.207元·m−3,比组合工艺低0.039元·m−3。-
关键词:
- 新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池 /
- 高密度沉淀-纤维转盘过滤 /
- 污水厂尾水 /
- 对比实验
Abstract: To further remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended pollutants from the secondary treated effluent of a wastewater plant, the depth treatment performances of a novel biofilm-micro flocculation and high-density sedimentation-fiber carousel filtration process (hereafter referred to as the combined process) were comparatively studied. The result shows that the water quality of new biofilm-micro flocculation filtered effluent was following: TP mass concentration ≤ 0.1 mg·L−1,$ {\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }$ -P mass concentration ≤ 0.05 mg·L−1, SS mass concentration ≤ 10 mg·L−1, TN mass concentration ≤ 2 mg·L−1,$ {\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N mass concentration ≤ 0.5 mg·L−1. The environmental impact of the effluent water quality on the receiving water body was small, and the comprehensive pollution index was only 0.731 and was much smaller than 2.734 of the combined process. Besides, the new biofilm-micro flocculation filter avoids frequent backwashing, reduces backwashing energy consumption, and the cost of water treatment was only RMB 0.207·m−3, which was RMB 0.039·m−3 lower than the combined process. -
表 1 2组工艺反冲洗参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of backwash parameters of two sets of processes
工艺名称 气冲洗强度/(L·(s·m2)−1) 水冲洗强度/(L·(s·m2)−1) 反冲洗时间/min 反冲洗周期/h 单次反冲洗废水率/% 新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池 10~15 5~10 15 168 0.69~0.91 纤维转盘滤池 — 30~40 1~2 1~2 1.23~1.64 表 2 2组工艺处理后的出水水质
Table 2. Effluent water quality after two sets of processes treatment
mg·L−1 工艺名称 COD TN TP -N${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ SS 新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池 17~22 1.6~2.2 0.05~0.1 0.5~0.8 5~8 组合工艺 14~18 7.2~8.5 0.1~0.2 1.2~1.8 4~7 表 3 综合污染指标评价分级
Table 3. Comprehensive pollution index evaluation classification
P 级别 水质现状阐述 P<0.8 合格 各项指标基本符合标准 0.8≤P≤1.0 基本合格 少数指标超过标准 1.0<P≤2.0 污染 多项指标超过标准 P>2.0 重度污染 部分项目指标超过标准限值数倍 -
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