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在饮用水处理工艺中,超滤(utrafiltration,UF)技术因其优异的固液分离性能和出水生物安全性,已成为第三代净水工艺的核心技术[1-3],但超滤对有机物的低去除能力使其必须和其他净水技术联合使用才能保证出水水质[4-6]。吸附和预氧化是应用最广泛的膜前预处理技术[7-9]。一方面,在众多吸附剂中,磁性阴离子交换树脂(magnetic anion exchange resin,MIEX)是近年来为针对水中天然有机物(natural organic matter,NOM)去除而专门开发的一种新型树脂[10]。MIEX树脂颗粒的粒径约为150~180 μm,是传统树脂粒径的1/5~1/2倍,因而具有更大的比表面积和更低的固相传质阻力,可以提供更多的吸附活性点位[11]。与水处理中最常用的吸附剂粉末活性炭(powder activated carbon,PAC)相比,MIEX对有机物的去除速率是PAC的40倍,而且去除的有机物分子质量范围也较PAC更广泛[12]。已有大量的研究证明,MIEX对NOM、消毒副产物以及离子型污染物都有很好的去除效果[13-15]。作为一种新兴的吸附净水技术,MIEX正在受到越来越多的关注[16-17]。另一方面,在众多的预氧化技术中,高铁酸盐(
$ {\rm{FeO}}_4^{2 - } $ )作为一种新型绿色高效氧化剂[18-19],集氧化、吸附和絮凝于一体,能够有效消减水中各类有机污染物[20-21]。高铁酸盐具有比传统氧化剂更高的氧化电势(在酸性条件下为E0=2.20 V,在碱性条件下为E0=0.72 V),而且没有消毒副产物生成[22]。同时高铁酸盐还具有微絮凝效应,其氧化有机物后会在水中形成新生态氢氧化铁胶体,能够进一步去除水中的颗粒态和胶体态污染物[23]。目前,高铁酸盐已被广泛用于污水、废水和给水的水质净化等领域[24-27]。众多周知,氧化法能够破坏大分子的结构,进而将其转化为小分子化合物,吸附则优先去除小分子有机物。因此,将氧化和吸附耦合作为UF的预处理工艺,可使得两者在净水方面存在较好的协同效果。但是,高铁酸盐预氧化和MIEX吸附在净水方面的性能差异对比,以及二者耦合是否存在明显的协同净水效应,还未见有研究报道。基于此,本研究以地表水模拟微污染水源水,系统地对比分析了MIEX吸附和高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)预氧化在有机物去除性能方面的差异,探讨了两者在净水性能方面存在协同效应的可能性,以期从水质净化角度为UF预处理工艺的筛选优化提供参考。
MIEX吸附与K2FeO4预氧化协同净水效果
Synergistic effects of MIEX adsorption and K2FeO4 pre-oxidation on water purification
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摘要: 针对K2FeO4和MIEX两种备受关注的净水技术,系统研究了二者在净水性能方面的差异以及可能存在的协同效应,分别考察了K2FeO4、MIEX,以及K2FeO4-MIEX联合处理对DOC和UV254的去除效率;通过三维荧光光谱、亲疏水性和凝胶色谱分析,考察了两种技术对不同种类、不同亲疏水性以及不同分子质量有机物的去除规律。结果表明,MIEX在净水性能上整体都明显优于K2FeO4,K2FeO4-MIEX联合处理过程中,K2FeO4预氧化能够促进疏水组分向亲水组分、大分子向小分子转化,致使二者在去除亲水性和弱疏水性有机物,腐殖质类和类络氨酸类蛋白质,以及分子质量为0.2~1 kDa有机物几方面都表现出明显的协同效应。联合处理工艺对总有机物和芳香族类有机物的协同去除效应系数分别达到2.08和1.22。以上实验结果表明,K2FeO4预氧化和MIEX吸附两种技术耦合在净水方面确实存在很好的协同效应。
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关键词:
- 高铁酸钾 /
- 磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX) /
- 协同效应 /
- 天然有机物 /
- 饮用水处理
Abstract: In this study, for the two concerned water purification technologies: K2FeO4 pre-oxidation and MIEX adsorption, their difference and possible synergistic effects of water purification were systematically explored. The removal efficiencies of DOC and UV254 by K2FeO4 pre-oxidation, MIEX adsorption and the combined process of K2FeO4-MIEX were investigated, respectively. Through three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and gel chromatography analysis, the removal of organics with different species, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and molecular scales were studied. The results showed that on the whole, the water purification performance of MIEX adsorption was significantly better than K2FeO4 pre-oxidation. During the combined treatment of K2FeO4-MIEX, K2FeO4 pre-oxidation could promote the conversion of hydrophobic components to hydrophilic ones, macro-molecules to micro-molecules. As a result, K2FeO4 and MIEX showed significant synergistic effects on removing hydrophilic and weakly hydrophobic components, humic-like substances and tyrosine-like proteins, and organic matters with a molecular weight range of 0.2 to 1 kDa. The synergistic coefficients of the combined process on removing total organic matters and aromatic organic matters were 2.08 and 1.22, respectively. These experimental results showed that the coupling of K2FeO4 pre-oxidation and MIEX adsorption does have a good synergistic effect on water purification. -
表 1 激发-发射荧光光谱响应值矩阵分区与有机物种类对应关系
Table 1. Corresponding relationship between the matrix partition of excitation-emission fluorescence spectra response values and the types of organic matters
区域 Em/nm Ex/nm 有机物类别 Ⅰ 250~325 200~250 类酪氨酸类蛋白质 Ⅱ 325~380 200~250 类色氨酸类蛋白质 Ⅲ 380~500 200~250 类富里酸 Ⅳ 250~380 250~400 可溶微生物代谢产物 Ⅴ 380~500 250~400 类腐殖酸 -
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