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抗生素应用于多个领域,主要涉及医药和畜牧饲料行业。由于抗生素的滥用,导致环境中抗生素污染问题普遍存在[1-3],目前,在水环境[4-6]、土壤[7-9]、水产动物[10]和植物[11]中均检测到了多种抗生素。青霉素G(PCN)是由青霉菌产生的一种β-内酰胺类水溶性抗生素[12],其可阻止肽聚糖的产生从而破坏细菌细胞壁的合成[13],是最具抗菌活性的抗生素,现已被广泛用于治疗人类和动物的疾病中[14]。PCN具有难以降解且含有生物毒性的特性,传统水处理方法难以完全对其产生作用,如果直接将其排放到水环境中,将会对生态环境以及人类构成较大威胁[15-16],因此,探索去除水环境中PCN的新方法十分必要。
O3氧化是一种清洁的水处理技术,且具有无二次污染和经济可行等特点[17],可作为强氧化剂,对污水中的难降解有机物进行降解[18]。有学者用O3氧化降解垃圾渗滤液[19]、有机氯农药[20]和布洛芬[21]等难降解有机物,结果表明,降解效果均十分明显。有研究[22-24]表明,将H2O2与O3联合时,H2O2会促进HO·的产生,从而使O3的利用率以及降解效果均可得到显著提升。陈炜鸣等[23]在采用O3降解垃圾渗滤液浓缩液的过程中,发现添加0.13 mol·L−1 H2O2能显著提升有机物的去除效果,且O3利用率提升了22.29%,同时废水可生化性得到了明显改善,BOD5/COD值由0.01提高到0.43。LI等[25]采用O3预处理氢化可的松制药废水,在H2O2/O3的摩尔比为0.3的条件下,反应15 min后,COD去除率可达67%,COD去除率相对于单一O3氧化体系提升了23%,证明添加适量H2O2可显著提高降解效果。虽然众多研究已经证明了O3和O3/H2O2法对难降解有机物的降解效果显著,但目前许多研究倾向于对工艺条件的优化,而对降解过程中的中间产物分析和降解规律的研究却相对较少。
基于此,本研究以难降解有机物PCN为目标,对其在O3/H2O2体系中的降解规律及其相关的机理进行研究,对降解过程中的中间产物及可能的降解路径进行探讨,并根据实验数据对降解动力学过程进行分析,为利用该方法处理水中PCN的工程应用提供参考。
O3/H2O2体系降解水中青霉素G的效能及其降解机理
Efficiency and mechanism of penicillin G degradation in water by O3/H2O2 method
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摘要: 为探讨O3/H2O2体系降解水中青霉素G(PCN)的效能及其降解机理,分别考察了在降解过程中pH、O3投加量和H2O2投加量对PCN和COD去除效果的影响,通过实验数据得出了PCN降解动力学方程;并采用傅里叶红外光谱和液相色谱-质谱联用分析探讨了PCN在O3氧化过程中的中间产物变化及其降解规律。结果表明:在初始ρ(PCN)为25 mg·L−1、pH=10、O3投加量为1.48 g·L−1、H2O2投加量为7.84 mmol·L−1、温度为20 ℃的条件下,反应10 min后PCN可全部被降解,反应3 h后COD的去除率达到71.9%;O3的反应级数为0.697 3,在降解过程中,O3初始浓度对反应速率的影响最大;反应活化能为Ea=27.59 kJ·mol−1,该反应活化能较低,说明此反应容易发生;经氧化降解后,PCN的抑菌结构被破坏,并且产物中可能含有羧酸类和胺类化合物。以上研究结果对解决水体中PCN污染问题具有参考价值。Abstract: In order to investigate the efficiency and degradation mechanism of penicillin G (PCN) in water by O3/H2O2 system, the effects of pH, O3 and H2O2 doses on the removal of PCN and COD during the degradation process were analyzed. The kinetic equation of PCN degradation was obtained by fitting the experimental data. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze the changes of the intermediates and the degradation rules during PCN ozonation. The results showed that PCN could be degraded completely after 10 minutes reaction, and COD removal rate could reach 71.9% after 3 hours reaction under the conditions of initial ρ (PCN) of 25 mg·L−1, pH 10, O3 dosage of 1.48 g·L−1, H2O2 dosage of 7.84 mmol·L−1 and 20 ℃. The O3 reaction order was 0.697 3, and the initial concentration of O3 had the greatest influence on the reaction rate during the degradation process. The activation energy of the reaction was Ea=27.59 kJ·mol−1, which was a relatively low value and indicated an easy-occurred reaction. After oxidative degradation, the bacteriostatic structure of PCN was destroyed, and the products may contain carboxylic acids and amine compounds. The research results provide reference for solving PCN pollution in water bodies.
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Key words:
- O3/H2O2 /
- penicillin G /
- degradation mechanism /
- reaction kinetics /
- intermediate product
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表 1 不同反应物的初始浓度对反应速率的影响
Table 1. Effect of initial concentration of different reactants on reaction rate
序号 反应物初始浓度/(mg·L−1) T/K 初始速率/
(mg·(L·min)−1)拟合方程 PCN O3 H2O2 1 25 8.2 266.4 303.15 13.87 y=0.358 9x−2.901 9
R2=0.996 12 50 8.2 266.4 303.15 17.76 3 75 8.2 266.4 303.15 20.22 4 100 8.2 266.4 303.15 23.29 5 25 2.05 266.4 303.15 5.31 y=0.697 9x−1.756 4
R2=0.997 66 25 4.1 266.4 303.15 8.25 7 25 6.15 266.4 303.15 11.4 8 25 8.2 266.4 303.15 13.87 9 25 8.2 66.6 303.15 8.84 y=0.323 3x−3.701 1
R2=0.999 810 25 8.2 133.2 303.15 11.12 11 25 8.2 199.8 303.15 12.6 12 25 8.2 266.4 303.15 13.87 13 25 8.2 266.4 283.15 8.11 — 14 25 8.2 266.4 293.15 13.87 15 25 8.2 266.4 303.15 17.34 表 2 PCN及其降解产物的质谱数据
Table 2. Mass spectrometry data of PCN and its degradation products
物质 分子式 保留时间/min 离子质荷比 青霉噻唑酸 C16H21N2O5S 0.841 352 青霉素钠 C16H18N2O4S 1.753 334 去羧青霉素噻唑酸 C15H20N2O3S 0.505 308 6-氨基青霉噻唑酸 C8H14N2O4S 0.407 234 青霉胺 C5H11NO2S 0.488 149 化合物1 C10H11NO3 0.515 193 化合物2 C8H16N2O6S 0.488 267 化合物3 C7H15NO5S 0.339 225 -
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