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胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)是微生物分泌的具有黏性的高分子聚合物,其主要成分为蛋白质、多糖、腐殖酸等物质[1-2]。由于EPS的组成成分中含有大量的羟基、氨基、磷酸基等络合基团,能过通过点中和、络合、离子交换、静电吸引等作用吸附水中重金属[3-5],因此,是一种潜在的重金属吸附剂。近年来,研究人员已逐步开展关于胞外聚合物吸附重金属的研究,并且取得了不错的研究成果。MIAO等[6]提取紧密结合型EPS,对Cu2+进行了吸附实验,研究结果表明,紧密型结合型EPS含量的提高能够促进金属离子的吸附,同时紧密型结合型EPS中羟基、羧基和酰胺对重金属的去除具有重要的作用。SUN等[7]研究了好氧颗粒污泥中松散结合型EPS对Zn2+和Co2+的吸附机制,发现其不仅能起到吸附螯合作用,还能通过絮凝作用强化吸附过程。郑蕾等[8]采用不同组成的活性污泥EPS吸附Cd2+、Zn2+,发现EPS的吸附能力与蛋白质和糖的含量比具有相关性。从已有的研究[8-11]可以看出,关于EPS吸附重金属的研究主要集中在不同结构EPS吸附重金属的特征和机制及不同吸附条件下EPS吸附重金属的吸附效能及模型上,但有关EPS的提取方法对EPS吸附重金属的效能的影响研究较少。如何有效地提取EPS并且保留其有效吸附能力是EPS吸附重金属的研究及其工业化应用的一个重要前提。不同的EPS提取方法对EPS的提取效率和吸附重金属的能力存在一定的影响,从而影响EPS吸附重金属的效能。因此,有必要开展提取方法对EPS吸附重金属效能影响的研究。
目前,关于EPS的提取方法的研究有很多,主要通过破坏细胞与EPS之间的结合来实现分离提取EPS的目的[12-13]。常用的提取方法主要有NaOH法[13]、离心法[14]、超声法[15]、加热法[16]及其组合方法[15]等。SUN等[17]对EPS的提取方法进行了评价,结果表明化学法提取效率高于物理法。CAUDAN等[18]采用结合方法提取EPS,结果显示组合方法提取效率要高于单一方法。虽然关于EPS的提取方法的研究已有许多,但是主要集中在EPS提取效率方面,而提取过程中对于EPS吸附重金属的能力影响的相关研究较少。本研究通过考察pH、单一物理提取方法和组合方法对EPS的提取量及其吸附Cd(Ⅱ)能力的影响,确定了EPS吸附剂的最优提取方法,为EPS重金属吸附剂的有效提取及工业化应用提参考。
不同提取方法对活性污泥胞外聚合物吸附废水中Cd(Ⅱ)效能的影响
Effect of different extracellular polymer extraction methods from activated sludge on its adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) in wastewater
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摘要: 为了比较不同提取方法对胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取及其吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的影响,考察了pH、单一物理提取方法和组合方法对脱水污泥中EPS的提取量及其对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附能力的影响。结果表明:碱性条件在能够提高EPS提取量的同时,也能够提高EPS对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附能力;不同物理处理方法对EPS的提取效率影响顺序为加热法>超声法>离心法,但其对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附能力影响顺序为超声法>离心法>加热法;组合物理方法虽然较单一方法的EPS提取效率要高,但其提取EPS吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的能力较单一方法弱。以上结果可为EPS重金属吸附剂的有效提取和工业化应用提供参考。
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关键词:
- 胞外聚合物(EPS) /
- Cd(Ⅱ) /
- 吸附能力 /
- 提取方法
Abstract: To compare the effects of extraction methods on Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by extracellular polymers(EPS), the EPS extraction amount and its adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) corresponding to different pH and physical extraction methods were studied. The results showed that the alkaline condition was beneficial to increase the EPS extraction amount and its Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption capacity accordingly. The EPS extraction efficiency by different physical treatment methods followed the sequence of heating method>ultrasonic method>centrifugal method, while the adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) followed the sequence of ultrasonic method>centrifugal method>heating method. Although the combined physical method was more efficient than the single method in EPS extraction, its Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption capacity was lower than single method. The result of this study can provide some theoretical guidance for the extracted EPS as heavy metal adsorbent.-
Key words:
- extracelluar polymeric substances(EPS) /
- Cd(Ⅱ) /
- adsorption capacity /
- extraction method
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