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随着许多国家和地区对石油需求和运输的加大,石油泄漏导致的污染不仅破坏生态环境,而且带来严重的经济损失并危及人类和海洋生物的健康。2010年4月,发生的震惊世界的墨西哥湾深水地平线平台爆炸事故,导致至少490万桶原油泄漏,给墨西哥湾沿海社区当地居民带来了严重的健康伤害[1-2];2010年7月16日,位于辽宁省大连新港附近的大连中石油国际储运有限公司原油罐区输油管道发生爆炸,大量原油泄漏并引发大火,对海洋生态环境造成严重破坏[3];2011年6月11日,中国海洋石油总公司在渤海湾蓬莱19-3油田发生的溢油事故导致大约84×104 m2沿海水污染,给河北省和辽宁省水产养殖业和旅游业造成巨大的经济损失[4]。将溢油清除技术应用于海面油污清理的研究也逐渐获得许多国内外研究人员以及海洋环境有关部门的关注。
国内溢油清除技术主要集中在溢油材料和方法的研究[5-6],并未结合机器人和人工智能技术进行研究,国内溢油回收船都未完全实现自动化,需要人工参与协助完成[7]。LAFFON等[8]发现参与溢油清理工作的人员面临健康风险;KWOK等[9]发现参与墨西哥湾石油泄漏事故清理的人员犯有抑郁症的报告有所增加。近年来,国外用机器人或者无人船对溢油检测和回收的研究开始增多。KATO等[10]研究机器人用于在石油泄漏和海底天然气泄漏后跟踪和监测;WANG等[11]利用撇浮器放置在无人船的前甲板上,但灵活性差,溢油回收能力有限;MAAWALI等[12]利用无人船检测溢油并从污染区域采集样本,但其未设计高效的吸油材料和设备,并不能解决水面大量溢油的回收工程问题。
针对现有溢油清除技术上的缺陷,本研究以基于泡沫金属基浮油收集材料的水面溢油自动清除水面机器人全面代替人工作业,该溢油自动清除水面机器人是在智能水面机器人平台上搭载油污处理系统,采用超疏水亲油材料对水面油污进行水油分离,为智能水面机器人平台通过结合自主巡航、溢油检测和图像识别功能,为水面溢油进行自动识别和自动回收提供依据。
溢油清除水面机器人在海洋石油污染处理中的应用
Application of oil spill cleaning surface robot in the treatment of offshore oil spill pollution
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摘要: 为解决现有清除溢油技术存在的效率低、自动化程度低、成本高等问题,针对其无法适应海面油污清理的机械化、智能化的需求,自主研发了一种超疏水亲油材料,即泡沫金属基浮油收集材料,设计并制作了溢油回收装置,结合自主水面机器人平台,研制出溢油清除水面机器人系统,该系统具有自主持续性吸油、自主巡航、自动识别油污等功能。实验表明,该超疏水亲油材料吸油效果良好,效率高,且吸油材料能够循环利用。通过水面机器人模拟测试分析可知,该溢油清除水面机器人系统能够实现海面油污清除的智能化、自动化,且具有较好的发展前景和应用前景。Abstract: In view of the existing shortcomings of current methods for oil-spill removal, such as low efficiency, low automation and high cost, etc., which can not adapt to the mechanized and intelligent requirements of sea surface oil cleaning, a superhydrophobic and lipophilic material, namely foam metal-based oil recovery materials, was independently developed. Then an oil recovery unit was designed and produced, and combining with the surface robot platform, an oil-spill cleaning robot system was developed with the functions of self-sustained oil absorption, autonomous cruise, automatic identification of oil pollution and so on. Experiments showed that the superhydrophobic lipophilic material had good effect and high efficiency on oil absorption, and could be recycled. The simulation test showed that the oil-spill cleaning robot system could realize the intelligence and automation of the oil-spill removal on the sea surface, and has good development and application prospects.
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Key words:
- cleaning up oil-spill /
- new materials /
- water surface robot
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