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污水管道系统是城市公共基础设施的重要组成部分之一。由于管道内水量变化波动较大,不可避免地存在厌氧区域。在厌氧条件下,管道内产生了H2S、CH4、CO等有害气体,这些气体释放到管道顶部气相空间,引发了恶臭、腐蚀、爆炸、温室效应等众多问题[1-4]。其中,CH4释放到大气中,对气候变化的影响很大,温室效应是二氧化碳的21~23倍[3, 5]。
目前,针对管道气体带来的危害已有许多控制策略,BENTZEN等[6]提出了使用硝酸盐(
${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ )来控制污水管道内的H2S产生;有研究[7-8]先后从投加硝酸盐(${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ )、硝酸盐(${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ )等抑制剂的投加方式和投加位置来控制H2S、CH4的产生;还有研究探讨了不同化学抑制剂对H2S、CH4等有害气体的控制[9-10];OCHI等[11]提出了使用空气来控制硫化物的产生;张团结等[12]使用在重力流污水管道内曝气,来探究实际污水管道内液相硫化物的累积。目前,现有控制有害气体的措施(如采用化学药剂投加或通过鼓风机通入空气等)均须连续性操作,这些操作将导致化学消耗品成本和操作费用的增加[13],同时投加${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ 、${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ 等化学药剂,将增加污水管道内含氮物质的浓度,给污水处理厂后续处理也带来相应的困难。本研究提出一种脉冲通气系统,结构如图1所示,该系统由建筑排水立管、污水主干管、建筑通气立管组成。该系统在建筑排水立管排水过程中,由于负压引入新鲜空气进入管道内,改变了污水管道系统内的厌氧环境,减少了有害气体的产生和聚集。张二飞等[14]指出了建筑排水立管在1 d内吸入的气体量大约占污水检查井体积的94%。目前,有关脉冲通气系统对污水管道内有害气体控制的基础性研究很少,同时,研究脉冲通气的效果对减轻中毒、爆炸等有害事件的发生有重要意义。本研究通过搭建带有机械搅拌的反应器系统,来模拟实际污水管道系统,探究脉冲通气在污水管道系统不同水流速度(0.2、0.6、1.0 m·s−1)下有害气体的控制效果,评估其生物群落结构组成的影响。
脉冲通气对污水管道内有害气体的控制
Control of harmful gases in sewer systems by pulse ventilation
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摘要: 为控制污水管道产生的有害气体对管道设施和周围环境造成的不利影响,通过搭建带有搅拌的反应器系统,来模拟实际污水管道,探究脉冲通气对污水管道内有害气体的控制效果及生物群落变化的影响。研究表明:脉冲通气能有效控制有害气体的产生,在水流速度为0.2 m·s−1时,硫化氢(H2S)、甲烷(CH4)、一氧化碳(CO)的抑效果最好,其抑制率分别为98.7%,44.4%,92.5%;在脉冲通气作用下,古菌群落的生物多样性不断减少,细菌群落的生物多样性不断增加;同时,脉冲通气也改变了生物群落结构,其群落结构变化与气相参数的变化是相一致的。Abstract: In order to control the adverse effect of the harmful gas produced by sewer systems on pipeline facilities and the surrounding environment, a reactor system with stirring was built to simulate the actual sewer systems and explore the control effect of pulse ventilation on the harmful gas in the sewer systems and the influence of biological community change. The results show that pulse ventilation could effectively control the production of harmful gases. At the water flow speed of 0.2 m·s−1, the best inhibitory effects occurred for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) and their inhibitory rates were 98.7%, 44.4% and 92.5%, respectively. Under the action of pulse ventilation, the biodiversity of archaea community decreased continuously, while that of bacterial community increased continuously. At the same time, the structure of biological community also changed through pulse ventilation, which was consistent with the change of gas phase parameters.
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Key words:
- harmful gases /
- pulse ventilation /
- flow velocity /
- biological communities
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