-
随着我国城镇化步伐的加快,大量池塘受到污染或被填埋。这些池塘通过合理规划和利用不仅可以作为可观赏的景观塘,还可以兼用于污水的生化处理。本实验将景观设计和水体修复相结合,通过组合型生态浮岛原位修复技术改善水质,美化环境。
生态浮岛技术出现于20世纪50年代,直到20世纪80年代以后,生态浮岛技术在社会科技大发展的前提下才得以深入研究。DESTEFANI等[1]采用生态浮床净化某自然公园里的受污染的水体,浮岛植物选用香蒲、香根草、灯芯草,实验结果表明,浮床对水体中COD、TN、TP的去除率分别达到了66%、65%、13%。KANSIIME等[2]采用纸莎草浮床研究其对水体中N、P污染物的去除效果,实验结果表明,该浮床对TN、TP的去除率分别为80%~90%、70%~80%。李欲如等[3]在冬季采用生态浮床研究了多花黑麦草、大蒜、水芽对富营养化水体的处理效果,实验结果表明,3种植物对水体中COD去除率为49.2%~55.1%、总氮去除率为29.1%~58.9%、氨氮的去除率为39.7%~65.6%、总磷去除率为33.3%~54.9%。何成达[4]采用美人蕉浮床处理生活污水,实验结果表明,COD去除率达到90%以上,TN、TP去除率均达到80%以上。王郑等[5]通过将球形填料与美人蕉构建的组合型生态浮床处理农家乐废水,实验结果表明,该组合型生态浮床对COD、
${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N、TN、TP的去除率分别为79.71%、88.67%、73.88%、85.61%。研究[6-7]表明,单一的生态浮岛由于浮岛植物本身的性质,对环境和水质都有一定的要求并对污染物的吸收效率各不相同,因此,需要对特定物理情况和环境因素制定相匹配的浮床和浮岛植物。本研究将浮岛植物黄花鸢尾与改良型火山石填料相结合,通过改良型火山石的强化作用,为黄花鸢尾提供一个较好的环境,从而达到治理重污染水体的效果。
组合型生态浮岛原位修复重污染水体
Combined ecological floating island for in-situ remediation of heavily polluted water
-
摘要: 为解决某人工池塘水体环境污染的问题,采用组合型生态浮岛技术研究了其对该水体的治理效果。结果表明,组合型生态浮岛对此类水体有较好的处理效果,其中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(
${\rm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$ -N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除率分别为62.95%、67.45%、51.99%、77.78%,均高于对照组及单一系统处理组。可见在该组合型生态浮岛中,黄花鸢尾的植物吸收、改良型火山石与微生物的协同作用对污染物的去除明显优于单一处理组。合理的植物-填料组合方式可提高污染物的降解效果,且投资小,环境效益好,又可达到一定的景观效果,适用于城镇水体尤其是居住区静态水体的景观治理。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of water environmental pollution in an artificial pond, the combined ecological floating island was used to study the control effect of the water body. Results showed that the combined ecological floating island had a good treatment performance on the waterbody, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $ -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 62.95%, 67.45%, 51.99% and 87.96%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the contrast group and the single system treatment groups. The results also showed that in this combined ecological floating island, the plant absorption of iris pseudoacorus, and the synergistic effect between improved volcanic rocks and microorganisms on the removal of pollutants were significantly better than each single system treatment group. Reasonable combination of plant and filler can improve the degradation effect of pollutants, with small investment, good environmental benefits, and can also achieve a certain landscape effect. It is suitable for landscape control of urban water bodies, especially static water bodies in residential areas. -
表 1 黄花鸢尾生长状况
Table 1. Growth status of Iris pseudoacorus
cm 组别 开始 结束 株高 根长 株高 根长 黄花鸢尾组 24.3 3.7 41.2 18.9 组合型生态浮岛组 24.1 3.6 55.7 32.6 -
[1] DESTEFANI G, TOCCHETTO D, SALVATO M, et al. Performance of a floating treatment wetland for in-stream water amelioration in NE Italy[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2011, 674(3): 157-167. [2] KANSIIME F, ORYEM-ORIGA H, RUKWAGO S. Comparative assessment of the value of papyrus and cocoyams for the restoration of the Nakivubo wetland in Kampala, Uganda[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2005, 30: 698-705. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.010 [3] 李欲如, 操家顺. 冬季低温条件下浮床植物对富营养化水体的净化效果[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2005, 27(7): 505-508. [4] 何成达. 循环水流-浮床种植法处理生活污水的实验研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2004, 27(6): 12-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2004.06.005 [5] 王郑, 崔康平, 许为义, 等. 组合型生态浮床处理农家乐污水[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(1): 455-460. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.20160175 [6] 王金丽, 颜秀勤, 宁冰, 等. 浮岛植物净化水质效果研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(10): 14-18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2011.10.004 [7] 许世龙, 苏维词. 流域水环境治理新技术与新材料研究进展[J]. 贵州科学, 2014, 32(5): 48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6563.2014.05.006 [8] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002. [9] 铁柏清, 李希, 李杰峰, 等. 3种植物人工浮岛对生活污水水质动态净化特性的比较[J]. 环境工程学报, 2010, 4(7): 1566-1570. [10] 李先宁, 宋海亮, 朱光灿, 等. 组合型浮床生态系统的构建及其改善湖泊水源地水质的效果[J]. 湖泊科学, 2007, 29(4): 367-372. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2007.04.003 [11] 许国晶, 段登选, 杜兴华, 等. 组合生态浮床净化养殖水体效果研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2015, 24(1): 94-101. [12] GABRIELLA N, LILLA M, ÁKOS T. Adsorption and chemical precipitation of lead and zinc from contaminated solutions in porous rocks: Possible application in environmental protection[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2016, 122(8): 98-106. [13] 韩梅. 活性炭纤维对底泥中芳香族有机污染物的吸附性能研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2017. [14] HU G, ZHOU M, HOU H, et al. An ecological floating made from dredged lake sludge for purification of eutrophic water[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2010, 36(10): 1448-1458. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.06.026 [15] 徐秀玲, 陆欣欣, 雷先德, 等. 不同水生植物对富营养化水体中氮磷去除效果的比较[J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2012, 30(1): 8-14. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1671-9964.2012.01.002 [16] 段金程, 张毅敏, 高月香, 等. 复合强化净化生态浮床对污水中N、P的去除效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2013, 29(4): 422-427. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4831.2013.04.003 [17] 成水平, 夏宜琤. 香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究: Ⅲ. 净化污水的机理[J]. 湖泊科学, 1998, 10(2): 66-71. doi: 10.18307/1998.0211 [18] ZHU B, FITZGERALD D. Alterration of ecosystem function by zebra mussels in Oneida Lake: Impacts on submerged macrophytes[J]. Ecosystems, 2006, 9(6): 1017-1028. doi: 10.1007/s10021-005-0049-y