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对垃圾填埋场填埋年限较久的陈腐垃圾进行开采并资源化利用,可以有效缓解填埋场空间紧张的问题[1]。填埋垃圾成分复杂,可能包含有害物质,是陈腐垃圾腐殖土资源化利用时需要慎重对待的问题。Chai等对上海某垃圾填埋场垃圾重金属研究发现Cd和Zn含量较高[2];Long等对浙江的8个垃圾填埋场中重金属进行分析,结果表明城市生活垃圾中Cu和Zn含量较高,存在较大的环境风险[3]。陈腐垃圾腐殖土常用作园林绿化土,但重金属含量超标的腐殖土用作绿化土的过程中,可能会对周边土壤和地下水造成污染。解决腐殖土重金属污染的问题有助于推动陈腐垃圾腐殖土的安全高效利用。
重金属污染土壤的修复方法主要有化学法、物理法和生物法[4]。化学法中的原位固定/稳定化(钝化)法是向土壤中添加某种化学物质,通过吸附、沉淀、络合等作用使有效态重金属转化成更加稳定的形态[5]。该方法具有低成本、易操作、见效快、不易改变原土壤结构等优点[6],近年来被广泛应用于土壤重金属修复工程。常用的钝化剂有石灰、磷酸盐和生物炭等[7-9]。研究表明,CaO可通过提高土壤的pH来降低土壤中镉和锌的有效态含量[10],磷酸盐通过沉淀作用也可以减少镉和锌的有效态含量[11]。
本研究以贵州省某垃圾填埋场内Zn和Cd含量超标的陈腐垃圾腐殖土作为研究对象,将CaO和NaH2PO4作为土壤重金属钝化剂开展钝化试验和土柱淋溶试验。对施用CaO和NaH2PO4陈腐垃圾腐殖土中Zn和Cd的淋溶特征以及CaO和NaH2PO4对陈腐垃圾腐殖土中Zn和Cd的钝化效果进行研究。本研究可以为解决陈腐垃圾腐殖土中重金属环境污染风险提供技术参考。
CaO与NaH2PO4对陈腐垃圾腐殖土中Zn和Cd的钝化效果
Passivation effect of CaO and NaH2PO4 on Zn and Cd in humus soil
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摘要: 防治陈腐垃圾腐殖土的重金属污染对陈腐垃圾腐殖土资源化利用具有重要意义。本研究以CaO和NaH2PO4作为钝化剂,设置CK、5% CaO、10% CaO、5% NaH2PO4和10% NaH2PO4的处理开展钝化试验和土柱淋溶试验,探究CaO和NaH2PO4对陈腐垃圾腐殖土中Zn和Cd迁移性及形态的影响。结果表明,淋溶试验中,5% CaO和5% NaH2PO4处理Zn的累计释放量分别比对照减少了88.71%和50.29%,Cd的累计释放量分别较对照减少了97.06%和59.38%;10% CaO和5% NaH2PO4处理对陈腐垃圾腐殖土Zn中钝化效果最好,使腐殖土中有效态Zn分别减少了93.5%和37.9%;施用CaO和NaH2PO4两种钝化剂改变了陈腐垃圾腐殖土中官能团的结构,部分官能团与Zn和Cd结合形成稳定化合物,使活性态Zn和Cd向稳定态转化,能有效防治腐殖土中Zn和Cd对环境的潜在危害。CaO是钝化陈腐垃圾腐殖土中Zn和Cd的优良钝化剂,但不同环境下CaO的使用量及施用CaO对植被的影响有待进一步深入探讨。Abstract: Preventing heavy metal pollution in humus soil is of great significance to the utilization of humus soil. In this study, CaO and NaH2PO4 were used as passivating agents, and the treatment of CK, 5% CaO, 10% CaO, 5% NaH2PO4 and 10% NaH2PO4 were set to carry out passivation experiments and soil column leaching experiments, to explore the effects on the mobility and morphology of Zn and Cd in humus soil. The results showed that in the leaching experiment, the cumulative release of Zn treated with 5% CaO and 5% NaH2PO4 decreased by 88.71% and 50.29%, respectively, and the cumulative release of Cd decreased by 97.06% and 59.38%. The 10% CaO and 5% NaH2PO4 treatments had the best passivation effect on the Zn in the humus soil, reducing the available Zn in the humus soil by 93.5% and 37.9%, respectively. The application of CaO and NaH2PO4 two passivating agents changed the structure of functional groups in humus soil. Some functional groups combined with Zn and Cd to form stable compounds, which transformed the active state of Zn and Cd to a stable state and can effectively prevent the potential harm of Zn and Cd in humus soil to the environment. CaO is an excellent passivator to passivate Zn and Cd in humus soil. However, the amount of Cao used in different environments and the effect of CaO application on vegetation need to be further studied.
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Key words:
- humus soil /
- Zn /
- Cd /
- passivator
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表 1 陈腐垃圾腐殖土的基本性质
Table 1. Basic physical and chemical properties of humus soil
pH 电导率/ (mS·cm−1)
Conductivity有机质/ (g·kg−1)
Organic matter全氮/ (g·kg−1)
Total nitrogen全磷/ (g·kg−1)
Total phosphorus碱解氮/ (mg·kg−1)
Alkali nitrogen有效磷/ (mg·kg−1)
Available phosphorus速效钾/ (mg·kg−1)
Available potassium陈腐垃圾
腐殖土7.43 1.50 69.13 3.32 1.33 107.15 72.20 531.40 CJ/T 340—2016 5.0—8.3 0.15—0.9 20—80 — — 40—200 5—60 60—300 注:CJ/T 340—2016:绿化种植土壤.
Note: CJ / T 340—2016: green planting soil.表 2 陈腐垃圾腐殖土中重金属含量及标准评价值(mg·kg−1)
Table 2. Heavy metal content and evaluation value of standard
重金属Heavy metal Hg Cu Ni As Cr Cd Pb Zn 陈腐垃圾腐殖土 0.17 49.13 35.84 14.40 159.98 4.02 76.81 655.17 CJ/T 340—2016 Ⅲ级标准值 1.5 400 150 35 250 1.2 450 500 注:CJ/T 340—2016:绿化种植土壤.
Note: CJ / T 340—2016: green planting soil. -
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