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近年来,许多环境工作者的研究成果表明水华的突然消亡可能与溶藻细菌的感染有关联[1],溶藻细菌具有种类多、繁殖快、分布广、代谢类型多样等特点,作为维持水生生态系统生物种群功能以及结构的重要组成部分,在维持藻的生物量平衡方面具有相当重要的作用;同时溶藻细菌高效、专一性强、二次污染低、对环境友好、制取成本低廉,把溶藻细菌当作水华的防治生物,已经引起许多环境工作者的关注[2]。
目前,国内外不乏利用溶藻细菌进行生物控藻的研究成果,其重点大多聚焦于对高效溶藻菌的获取以及对菌株特性的研究与溶藻条件优化上,对溶藻细菌生长以及在溶藻细菌作用下溶藻动力学的研究相对较少,通过建立菌株生长与铜绿微囊藻降解二者相应的生长模型及动力学机制,可为控制太湖水华提供理论支撑和技术支持[3-4]。同时,工程措施上应用于太湖蓝藻治理的高效溶藻菌鲜见报道,因此仍需对相关溶藻菌株的水体环境适应性及其溶藻过程中的进程调控作进一步深入研究[5-6]。从太湖土著水生动物体内筛选出能够有效溶藻并适应水体环境的菌株,可以起到有效溶藻、保护水体环境安全的作用[7-8]。
本文从太湖土著田螺消化道中筛选具备溶藻能力的微生物菌群,并通过系列溶藻条件对比优选出高效溶藻菌株,对菌株生长动力学、溶藻动力学进行实验分析,进而采用红外光谱分析技术研究溶藻菌的溶藻进程,从而了解溶藻产物的构成,以期为同类菌株的溶藻进程分析提供理论参考[9-10]。
太湖土著田螺消化道中溶藻菌XMC溶藻进程与叶绿素a降解动力学研究
Study on algae-lysing process and chlorophyll-a degradation kinetics of algicidal bacteria XMC in the digestive tract of indigenous field snails of Taihu Lake
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摘要: 在蓝藻爆发区域的太湖土著田螺消化道内,筛选出1株高效溶藻菌,命名为XMC。以铜绿微囊藻为受试对象,以叶绿素a含量检验溶藻菌XMC溶藻效果,考察了菌株溶藻能力、溶藻过程及其溶藻产物等。实验结果表明,溶藻菌XMC具有较强的溶藻能力,其生长曲线呈“S”型增长,符合Logistic动力学模型。菌藻共生环境中,藻液叶绿素a含量与溶藻时间两者之间符合一级动力学模型[Chla]=4831.82071×e−0.0241t,该模型可用于预测铜绿微囊藻溶藻过程的降解效果;溶藻菌XMC的溶藻进程以间接溶藻为主,通过分泌耐高温的非蛋白类溶藻物质来裂解藻细胞,菌液处理完的铜绿微囊藻液中,产物主要为藻细胞破裂分解出的芳环结构的氨基酸、酰胺类等物质。Abstract: A high-efficiency algicidal bacteria named XMC was selected from the native snails of Taihu Lake, which lived in the area of cyanobacteria outbreak for a long time. Microcystis aeruginosa was used as the test object, and the chlorophyll-a content was used to test the algae-lysing effect of the algicidal bacteria XMC, and the algae dissolving ability, process and products of the bacteria were investigated. The experimental results showed that the algicidal bacteria XMC had strong algicidal ability, and the growth curve of algicidal bacteria XMC showed an “S” shape which accords with the Logistic dynamic model. The relationship between chlorophyll-a content and algae lysis time in the symbiotic environment of bacteria and algae conformed to the first-order kinetic model ([Chla] = 4831.82071 × e− 0.0241t), which could be used to predict the degradation effect of Microcystis aeruginosa. The algicidal bacteria XMC was mainly an indirect algae lysate, which could lyse algal cells by secreting heat-resistant nonprotein lysates. In the treated Microcystis aeruginosa, the products were mainly amino acids and amides with aromatic ring structure broken down by algal cells.
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Key words:
- algicidal bacteria /
- Microcystis aeruginosa /
- dynamic model /
- chlorophyll-a
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表 1 系列菌株形态特征
Table 1. Morphological characteristics of strains
菌株编号
Strain number大小/mm
Size形状
Shape颜色
Color表面形态
Surface morphology溶藻率/%
Algae lysing rate1# 1—3 圆形
Circular乳白
Milky white表面及边缘都光滑凸起
Surface and edges are smooth and raised48.91 2# 1—2 圆形
Circular白
White中间干瘪,凹
The middle is shriveled and sunken25.18 3# 3—4 圆形
Circular白
White表面及边缘都光滑凸起
Smooth and convex surface and edge9.73 4# 1—3 圆形
Circular橙黄
Orange yellow表面及边缘都光滑凸起
Smooth and convex surface and edge39.65 5# 1—2 圆形
Circular粉
Pink表面光滑
smooth surface4.52 -
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