抗生素对蚯蚓的毒性效应研究进展
Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Antibiotics on Earthworms
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摘要: 近年来，由于抗生素在养殖业的广泛使用，导致大量抗生素通过动物粪便、尿液等方式排出体外进入土壤环境，且其残留时间较长，带来一系列的土壤污染问题。而蚯蚓在维持土壤生态功能中扮演着重要的角色，很多研究表明蚯蚓的生理状态能间接反映土壤的污染程度，因此开展抗生素对蚯蚓的毒性研究对监测土壤中抗生素的污染状况具有非常重要的意义。本文分别从急性毒性、生殖毒性、抗氧化酶、基因表达和肠道微生物等方面综述了抗生素对蚯蚓的毒理作用研究进展，发现抗生素的毒性普遍偏低，不会直接引起蚯蚓死亡，但过量的抗生素会抑制蚯蚓体质量增长、破坏蚯蚓抗氧化防御系统，改变蚯蚓肠道微生物群落结构，并且在遗传水平上对蚯蚓产生不利影响。最后对土壤中抗生素对蚯蚓毒性效应的未来研究方向进行展望，为土壤抗生素污染监测及生态风险评估提供理论依据。Abstract: In recent years, antibiotics have been widely used in livestock and poultry farming industry, which makes a large number of antibiotics being excreted into the soil environment through animal feces, urine and other means. Antibiotics remained for a long time, which caused a series of soil pollution problems. Earthworms play an important role in maintaining soil ecological functions. Numerous studies have indicated the physiological state of earthworms can indirectly reflect the degree of soil pollution. Therefore, conducting research on the toxicity of antibiotics to earthworms is of great significance for characterizing the contamination level of antibiotics in soil. This paper reviews the research progress about the toxic effects of antibiotics on earthworms, focusing on acute toxicity, reproductive toxicity, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, and gut microorganisms. It finds that the toxicity of antibiotics is generally low, which will not directly cause the death of earthworms. However, excessive antibiotics can inhibit earthworm weight gain, destroy the antioxidant defense system, alter the structure of earthworm gut microbiota, and have adverse effects on earthworms at the genetic level. Finally, this paper provides a prospect for future research directions on the toxic effects of antibiotics on earthworms in soil, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring soil antibiotic pollution and conducting ecological risk assessments.
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Key words:
- antibiotics /
- earthworm /
- toxicity effects /
- biomarker
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