大蒜产地不同轮作模式对微塑料丰度和形态分布的影响
The Impact of Various Crop Rotation Patterns on Microplastic Abundance and Distribution in Garlic-producing Regions
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摘要: 地膜的大量使用会导致土壤微塑料(microplastics, MPs)和邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate acid esters, PAEs)的污染，但较少有研究报道不同轮作模式对土壤中MPs丰度和形态分布的影响，同时MPs与PAEs之间在农业土壤中的相关性尚不清楚。本研究采集了邳州大蒜种植区内大蒜-玉米、大蒜-大豆和大蒜-水稻3种不同轮作模式下的土壤，采用激光红外成像系统对土壤中MPs的丰度、组成以及形态特征进行分析鉴定，并采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)法分析土壤中16种PAEs含量，结合土壤MPs丰度分析二者之间的相关性。结果表明，邳州大蒜种植区土壤MPs的平均丰度为4 710.67 个·kg-1，主要由聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)等类型组成，分别占比47.82%、13.94%和17.51%；MPs以碎片状为主，且超过75%的MPs粒径≤ 50 μm。不同轮作模式下的MPs平均丰度差异明显，呈现大蒜-玉米土壤(5 788.02 个·kg-1)＞大蒜-水稻土壤(4 983.71 个·kg-1)＞大蒜-大豆土壤(3 090.93 个·kg-1)的趋势。大蒜-大豆土壤MPs的平均面积及高度和宽度等形态特征与大蒜-玉米土壤和大蒜-水稻土壤的MPs均存在显著差异。此外，土壤中的PAEs种类主要为邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)。邳州大蒜种植区土壤中MPs总丰度与∑PAEs含量(R2= 0.68, P= 0.0005)和DEHP含量(R2= 0.54, P = 0.004)呈显著正相关。Abstract: The extensive use of plastic film will lead to the pollution of soil microplastics (MPs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs), but few studies have reported the effects of different rotation patterns on the abundance and morphological distribution of MPs in soil, and the correlation between MPs and PAEs in agricultural soil is still unclear. In this study, three different rotation patterns of garlic-corn, garlic-soybean and garlic-rice in the Pizhou garlic planting area were collected. The abundance, composition and morphological characteristics of MPs in soil were analyzed and identified by laser infrared imaging system. The content of 16 PAEs in soil was analyzed using GC-MS, and the correlation between the PAEs and MPs was further analyzed. The results showed that the average abundance of soil MPs in the Pizhou garlic planting area was 4 710.67 n·kg-1, which was mainly composed of polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), accounting for 47.82%, 13.94% and 17.51%, respectively; MPs were mainly fragmented, and the particle size of more than 75% of MPs was≤50 μm. The average abundance of MPs in different rotation patterns was significantly different, showing a trend of garlic-corn soil (5 788.02 n·kg-1) > garlic-rice soil (4 983.71 n·kg-1) > garlic-soybean soil (3 090.93 n·kg-1). The average area, height and width of MPs in garlic-soybean soil were significantly different from those in garlic-corn soil and garlic-rice soil. In addition, the PAEs in soil were mainly di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP). There was a significant positive correlation between the total abundance of MPs and the content of ΣPAEs (R2= 0.68, P=0.0005) and DEHP (R2= 0.54, P=0.004) in the soil of the Pizhou garlic planting area.
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Key words:
- microplastics /
- phthalate acid esters /
- garlic-producing regions /
- crop rotation patterns /
- abundance
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