低浓度PFOA污染对大豆生理生化特性的影响
Effect of Low-Level PFOA Stress on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean
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摘要: 全氟辛酸(PFOA)在环境中广泛分布且难以降解，对生态系统存在潜在风险。本研究采用盆栽实验，研究了100 ng·g-1的土壤PFOA污染对大豆叶片可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛含量、抗氧化能力、光合色素含量和光合作用的影响。结果显示，PFOA胁迫使得大豆植株地下部分干生物量下降21.3%，地上部分干生物量下降14.4%，幼苗期(V2)叶片中可溶性蛋白含量下降15.5%，鼓粒期(R6)叶片总酚含量显著下降61.9%，2个时期内叶片DPPH自由基清除率分别显著升高21.1%和23.6%。PFOA对大豆生长发育存在一定的胁迫作用，激活了植物的抗氧化防御机制，减少脂质过氧化产物的产生。随着处理时间的延长，大豆体内自由基产生与清除的平衡被打破，自由基大量积累，叶片中的酚类难以满足清除活性氧的需求，总酚含量显著下降。大豆能够通过激活抗氧化系统来减轻低浓度PFOA胁迫作用的影响。Abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant with widespread distribution and high resistance to degradation, posing significant ecological risks. This study employed pot experiments to assess the impacts of soil PFOA contamination at 100 ng·g-1 on key physiological and biochemical parameters in soybean (Glycine max) leaves, including soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant capacity, photosynthetic pigment content, and photosynthetic performance. The results revealed that PFOA exposure caused a 21.3% decrease in root dry biomass and a 14.4% reduction in shoot dry biomass. Soluble protein content in the leaves decreased by 15.5% at the second trifoliate (V2) stage, while total phenol content decreased significantly by 61.9% at the full seed (R6) stage. Moreover, DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves increased by 21.1% and 23.6% at the V2 and R6 stages, respectively. PFOA stress disrupted soybean growth and development by activating the plant’s antioxidant defense mechanism, as indicated by a reduction in lipid peroxidation. However, as exposure persisted, the balance between the production and scavenging of free radicals became increasingly disrupted, leading to the accumulation of free radicals. This imbalance resulted in a decline in total phenol content, which was insufficient to counteract the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Despite these stress conditions, soybeans demonstrated an adaptive response by activating their antioxidant systems to mitigate the impacts of low-level PFOA exposure.
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Key words:
- perfluorooctanoic acid /
- soybean /
- antioxidant capacity /
- soluble protein /
- malondialdehyde
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