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高铁酸盐(Fe(Ⅵ))具有较高的氧化电位[1],对含酚类和胺类等官能团的微污染物(micropollutants, MPs)具有较好的去除效果。Fe(Ⅵ)反应后的副产物Fe3+可水解成Fe(OH)3 (pKa1=2.2)[2-3],具有一定的絮凝吸附能力[4-5]。虽然Fe(Ⅵ)在水和废水处理的预氧化工艺中具有较大的应用潜力[6-7],但其作为一种选择性的氧化剂,对苯扎贝特、布洛芬等物质降解效果较差[8-10]。
碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNT)作为一种典型一维纳米材料,具有结构稳定[11]、比表面积大等优点[12-13]。相较于活性炭等无序结构碳材料,CNTs具有较大的催化活化潜力和效率,可通过吸附协同氧化过程提高Fe(Ⅵ)对溴酚等的去除效能[14]。苯扎贝特(bezafibrate, BZF)作为广泛使用的降血脂药物,在水环境中的质量浓度可达57.2~4 600 ng·L−1[15-16],饮用水中的质量浓度可达0.8~270 ng·L−1[17],经由氧化途径降解BZF可降低其毒性效应并有效保障水质安全[18]。虽然BZF具有酰胺基团,但Fe(Ⅵ)难以有效降解BZF,其二级反应速率常数小于1 L·(mol·s)−1 [8,19]。
由此,本研究选取环境中广泛存在的、难以被Fe(Ⅵ)降解的BZF作为模型化合物,研究在CNT存在下,Fe(Ⅵ)对BZF的降解效果及反应动力学,鉴定了CNT对Fe(Ⅵ)的强化氧化过程中的活性物种。
碳纳米管强化高铁酸盐降解苯扎贝特的效能与机理
The efficiency and mechanism of carbon nanotube-enhanced bezafibrate degradation by ferrate
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摘要: 高铁酸盐具有较强的氧化性,是一种在水和废水处理中有较大应用潜力的绿色氧化剂,但对水中部分微污染物降解效果较差。本文研究了碳纳米管对高铁酸盐降解苯扎贝特的强化效果,探究了强化降解反应的途径,考察了水质因素对降解效果的影响,鉴定了强化降解的关键活性物种。结果表明,碳纳米管的表面羟基对强化高铁酸盐降解有促进作用,在碳纳米管存在且质量浓度为4 mg·L−1时,苯扎贝特的去除率由2%升至69%。酸性条件有利于碳纳米管强化高铁酸盐降解苯扎贝特;当水pH由8.0降至6.0时,表观反应速率常数由89 L·(mol·s)−1提升至415 L·(mol·s)−1。碳纳米管可强化Fe(Ⅵ)向Fe(Ⅴ)的转化,并使Fe(Ⅴ)成为提高苯扎贝特强化降解效果的关键活性物种;常见阴离子对强化氧化有抑制作用,影响程度为PO43−>SiO32−>HCO3−>Cl−>NO3−>SO42−。Abstract: Ferrate (Fe(Ⅵ)) has a great application potential as a green oxidant in water and wastewater treatment due to its strong oxidation capacity, but it is less effective on degrade some recalcitrant organic micropollutants in water. In this study, the enhancement effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the degradation of bezafibrate (BZF) by Fe(Ⅵ) was investigated, the enhanced degradation reaction pathway was explored, the influence of water quality factors on the degradation effect was evaluated, and the key active species for enhanced degradation were identified. The results show that the surface hydroxyl groups on CNTs could promote the BZF degradation by Fe(Ⅵ). At CNTs concentration of 4 mg·L−1, the removal rate of BZF increased from 2% to 69%. Acidic conditions were conducive to CNTs-enhanced BZF degradation by Fe(Ⅵ); The apparent reaction rate constant increased from 89 L·(mol·s)−1 to 415 L·(mol·s)−1 when pH decreased from 8.0 to 6.0. CNTs could enhance the conversion of Fe(Ⅵ) to Fe(Ⅴ), Fe(Ⅴ) became a crucial substance to increase the degradation rate of BZF; Common anions had inhibitory effects on enhanced oxidation, the corresponding impact level was PO43−>SiO32−>HCO3−>Cl−>NO3−>SO42−.
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Key words:
- ferrate /
- carbon nanotubes /
- bezafibrate /
- enhanced oxidation /
- kinetics
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表 1 4种不同碳纳米管的相关指标
Table 1. Properties of four kinds of carbon nanotubes
材料类型 缩写 内径/nm 外径/nm 长度/μm 纯度/% 官能团含量/% 碳纳米管 CNT 5~10 10~20 10~30 98 / 石墨化碳纳米管 GCNT 5~10 10~20 5~30 99.9 / 羧基碳纳米管 CNT-COOH 5~10 10~20 10~30 98 2.0 羟基碳纳米管 CNT-OH 5~10 10~20 10~30 98 3.06 -
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