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随着城乡水环境保护治理要求日益严格,农村水环境污染治理问题逐渐成为关注的焦点[1]。现有的城市污水处理工艺不适宜在污水总量小、分散且经济条件差、技术匮乏的农村地区采用,因此针对农村地区开发出水稳定达标、能耗低、运行管理简单的分散污水处理工艺对强化农村地区生活污水处理具有重要意义。
多级A/O工艺是一种高效的脱氮除磷污水处理工艺,在水处理中应用广泛,但由于好氧段的硝化液需要回流至缺氧段进行反硝化脱氮,能耗相对较高[2-3]。分段进水多级A/O工艺通过将污水分段加入各缺氧段实现反硝化过程中的碳源补充,可有效降低工艺运行成本,具有操作灵活简便的特点,但传统的分段进水多级A/O工艺主要基于活性污泥法开发。多级生物接触氧化工艺具有填料固定生物量大、挂膜周期短、水力停留时间短、体积小等特点,在分散生活污水处理方面表现出优异潜力[4-5]。将生物接触氧化工艺与多点进水技术相结合,实现生物接触氧化系统中碳源、溶解氧的再分配,有望进一步强化多级生物接触氧化工艺对低碳氮比生活污水的净化效能。
本研究针对传统生物接触氧化工艺的弊端,结合农村分散型生活污水的特点,设计多点进水的多级生物接触氧化工艺,将进水以不同比例投加到不同的生物接触氧化工艺段,利用原水中的有机物实现对缺氧段碳源补给和溶解氧的再分配,以实现对农村生活污水的高效低耗净化。
多点进水多级生物接触氧化工艺处理农村生活污水
Multi-stage biological contact oxidation process with multi-point influent for rural domestic sewage treatment
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摘要: 针对农村地区生活污水的特点,设计好氧-缺氧-缺氧-好氧的多级生物接触氧化工艺,通过控制进水位置及比例、水力停留时间等参数,分别考察了单点进水和多点进水条件下生物接触氧化工艺的除碳脱氮性能。结果表明:当进水比例为好氧池1#与缺氧池1# = 4:1,HRT为6.55 h时,生物接触氧化工艺出水水质最优,COD、NH4+-N及TN的出水平均浓度分别为20.2、0.5、9.0 mg·L−1,平均去除率分别为92.0%、97.1%、64.3%。出水水质达到北京市《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB11/ 1612-2019)》一级A标准。Abstract: According to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage, a multi-stage biological contact oxidation process including aerobic, anoxic, anoxic and aerobic processes was designed. Through controlling the parameters such as inlet position, proportion and hydraulic retention time, the carbon and nitrogen removal performance of the biological contact oxidation process under single point and multiple point inlet conditions were investigated. The results showed that when the inlet ratio of aerobic tank 1# to anaerobic tank 1# was 4:1, and HRT was 6.55 hours, the effluent quality of the biological contact oxidation process was optimal. The average values of COD, NH4+-N, and TN in the effluent were 20.2, 0.5, and 9.0 mg·L−1 with the average removal rates of 92.0%, 97.1%, and 64.3%, respectively. The effluent water quality meets the Grade One A-level discharge standard of the Beijing local standard “Discharge standard of water pollutants for rural sewage treatment facilities” (DB11/ 1612-2019).
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