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氮元素过多会导致的水体富营养化问题,高效的氮素去除技术是当前研究热点[1-2] 。然而,生物法在处理污水时常会遇到系统不稳定和性能恶化等问题。生物强化技术成为改善污水生物处理系统运行效能有效方法[3],亦是研究重点[4]。TANG等[5]发现,向pH为6.5的系统中加入6% (质量分数) 的硝化菌后,可显著提高系统脱氮效率,NH4+-N去除速率由0.21 mg·(g·h)−1增加至mg·(g·h)−1; PATUREAU等[6]在除磷活性污泥系统中接种好氧反硝化菌,以实现系统在好氧阶段同时实现硝酸盐还原和磷去除;还有研究者在UASB反应器中接种Thiopseudomonas denitrificans X2后发现强化系统可同时去除有机物和含氮化合物[7]。生物强化技术在实际应用中存在引入功能菌失效的潜在风险,亦可能对生物系统产生负面影响。如何使强化菌株成功定殖并高效降解污染物是亟需解决的问题,群体感应 (quorum sensing,QS) 的发现为生物强化技术提供了新方向,可促进引入功能菌适应环境条件并改善与其他微生物的相互作用[3, 8]。酰化高丝氨酸内酯类(Acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs)化合物是革兰氏阴性菌群体感应系统中最重要的一类信号分子,并调控许多生理特性的表达[9]。细菌可通过分泌和释放AHLs信号分子,来调控微生物功能并促进生物脱氮等过程[10-11]。
外源投加信号分子和群感菌是利用微生物群体感应现象强化污水生物脱氮的主要方法[12]。LI等[13]通过外源性添加AHLs以加速自养硝化污泥系统中硝化颗粒的形成。在众多类型的AHLs中,C6-HSL (N-己酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯) 和C8-HSL (N-辛酰基-L高丝氨酸内酯) 在活性污泥工艺中占主导地位[14-17]。外源C6-HSL和C8-HSL明显提高了氮的去除效率,亦可调节EPS生成和微生物群落结构[13, 18-21]。冯惠[22]发现C6-HSL和C8-HSL可提升氨氮去除效能;同时长链AHLs如C12-HSL (N-十二烷酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯) 和C14-HSL (N-十四烷酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯) 等具有更强的疏水性、耐水解性和生物质黏附性,对于受基因调控的反硝化还原酶的活性也有显著影响[23],从而对生物脱氮有较好的促进效果[24-26]。因此,外源投加群体感应信号分子协同功能菌是解决单一功能菌效果不佳的有效方法。
以反硝化菌FX-4为研究对象,选取信号分子C6-HSL和C12-HSL,研究信号分子对反硝化菌FX-4NO3−-N去除性能的影响,以及两者协同作用下SBR系统脱氮性能。通过对菌株单独投加和混合投加,考察菌株的生长和作用效果,筛选出最优投加方式和浓度,随即将筛选出信号分子投入活性污泥系统,以未加信号分子组为空白对照,研究其脱氮性能的影响、实验前后信号分子浓度,并分析微生物群落优势菌群变化,以得出信号分子对生物脱氮的影响,从而为投加信号分子强化脱氮提供参考。
外源C12-HSL信号分子协同反硝化菌FX-4对活性污泥系统脱氮效果的影响
Effect of exogenous C12-HSL signal molecule in coordination with denitrifying bacteria FX-4 on nitrogen removal in activated sludge system
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摘要: 为探究外源信号分子的群体感应效应对反硝化菌FX-4及活性污泥系统脱氮的影响,将外源AHLs (酰基高丝氨酸内酯类) 的C6-HSL和C12-HSL信号分子投加至反硝化复筛培养基中,探究AHLs对反硝化菌FX-4去除NO3−-N的影响。结果发现,外源投加C6-HSL和C12-HSL均可有效地提高反硝化菌FX-4的NO3−-N去除性能,增加反硝化菌FX-4的生物量,且C12-HSL协同反硝化菌FX-4的NO3−-N去除效果最佳;不同浓度的C12-HSL对反硝化菌FX-4的NO3−-N去除效果均有提升,且50 nmol∙L−1的C12-HSL可较大提升菌株FX-4的NO3−-N去除效果。将浓度为0、5 nmol∙L−1、50 nmol∙L−1、200 nmol∙L−1、500 nmol∙L−1和1 000 nmol∙L−1的C12-HSL和反硝化菌FX-4同时投加至SBR活性污泥系统中,考察两者协同下系统脱氮性能、信号分子浓度和微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,两者协同作用可对NO3−-N去除性能产生明显影响,投加信号分子的实验组R1~R6相对于空白对照组R0的NO3−-N积累量减少20~50 mg∙L−1,且C12-HSL投加量为100 nmol∙L−1的反应器R3的NO3−-N消耗量最多,NO3−-N出水质量浓度较R0降低约45 mg∙L−1;此外C12-HSL信号分子对TN去除产生正影响显著,且C12-HSL投加量为100 nmol∙L−1的反应器能更有效地提升活性污泥系统TN去除效能。信号分子浓度变化检测结果显示,外源投加C12-HSL可以刺激系统其他AHLs分泌,特别是促进系统C4-HSL的分泌。微生物群落结构分析结果显示,外源投加反硝化菌FX-4和信号分子C12-HSL可显著影响活性污泥中微生物群落组成,加快活性污泥中微生物种群演替,使Thauera、Brevundimonas等脱氮相关菌属占比升高。以上结果可为信号分子作为应急手段强化活性污泥系统生物脱氮性能提供参考。
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关键词:
- 反硝化菌FX-4 /
- N-十二烷酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯 /
- 群体感应 /
- 脱氮
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of quorum sensing effect of exogenous signal molecules on denitrifying bacteria FX-4 and denitrification of activated sludge system, C6-HSL and C12-HSL signal molecules of exogenous AHLs (acyl homoserine lactones) were added into denitrifying resieve medium to explore the effect of AHLs on denitrifying bacteria FX-4's removal of NO3−-N. The experimental results showed that both C6-HSL and C12-HSL could effectively improve the NO3−-N removal performance of denitrifying bacterium FX-4 and increase the biomass of denitrifying bacterium FX-4, and C12-HSL synergic denitrifying bacterium FX-4 had the best NO3−-N removal efficiency. The NO3−-N removal efficiency of denitrifying bacterium FX-4 was improved by different concentrations of C12-HSL, and C12-HSL of 50 nmol∙L−1 significantly improved the NO3−-N removal efficiency of strain FX-4. C12-HSL at concentrations of 0, 5 nmol∙L−1, 50 nmol∙L−1, 200 nmol∙L−1, 500 nmol∙L−1, and 1 000 nmol∙L−1 were simultaneously added to the SBR activated sludge system, as well as the denitrification bacterium FX-4. The nitrogen removal performance, signal molecule concentration and microbial community structure of the system were investigated.The results showed that the synergistic effects of the two could significantly affect theNO3−-N removal performance of the reactor. The accumulation of NO3−-N in R1-R6 treated with signal molecules decreased by 20 mg∙L−1 to 50 mg∙L−1 compared with the control group R0. The consumption of NO3−-N in R3 was the highest in the reactor with 100 nmol∙L−1 C12-HSL, and the NO3−-N concentration in effluent was about 45 mg∙L−1 lower than that of R0. In addition, C12-HSL signal molecules had a significant positive effect on TN removal, and the TN removal efficiency of activated sludge system was improved more effectively with 100 nmol∙L−1 C12-HSL dosage. Signal molecule concentration change detection results showed that exogenous addition of C12-HSL could stimulate the secretion of other AHLs in the system, especially the secretion of C4-HSL in the system. The results of microbial community structure analysis showed that exogenous addition of denitrifiers FX-4 and signal molecule C12-HSL could significantly affect microbial community composition in activated sludge, accelerate microbial population succession in activated sludge, and increase the relative abundance of denitrification bacteria such as Thauera and Brevundimonas. This study can provide technical parameter reference for signal molecules as emergency methods to enhance biological nitrogen removal performance of activated sludge system. -
表 1 各反应器微生物群落alpha多样性
Table 1. Alpha diversity of microbial community in each reactor
Sample Observed_species Shannon Simpson Pielou Chao 1 PD_whole_tree R0 1 051 5.723 2 0.987 5 0.822 6 1 052.52 37.149 4 R1 1 317 5.212 7 0.973 4 0.725 7 1 317.51 42.890 8 R4 1 320 5.273 2 0.974 9 0.733 9 1 320.96 43.996 9 -
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