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CANON(completely autotrophic N-removal over nitrite)工艺是近年来提出的新型脱氮工艺,其主要通过控制单级反应器的好氧与厌氧时间,将短程硝化与厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)从时间上进行划分,最终实现在一体反应器中完成脱氮[1-2]。相比传统脱氮工艺,CANON工艺具有能耗低、无需碳源等优势,并在高氨氮废水处理中取得了良好的效果[3-4]。但是,由于城市污水所具有的低氨氮、低温和含有有机物的特点限制了CANON工艺在主流城市污水中的应用[5-7]。一方面,城市污水低温低氨氮的特点不利于短程硝化的维持和厌氧氨氧化菌(AAOB)活性的保持;另一方面,城市污水中的有机物会促进异养菌与氨氧化菌(AOB)及AAOB对于底物的竞争,同时浪费了城市污水中大量的有机碳源。
颗粒污泥可以有效保留功能性微生物(AOB和AAOB),因此,利用颗粒污泥是CANON工艺用于城市污水处理中获得更好性能的一种策略[8-10]。但有研究表明,将成熟的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(AnGS)用于城市污水中后,颗粒污泥多数出现了解体现象并且颗粒中AAOB丰度下降的现象[11-12]。包埋固定化技术在增强细菌密度和减少细菌流失方面优于天然聚集的颗粒污泥[13-14],并且在高氨氮废水处理系统中Anammox包埋填料显示了良好的脱氮效果[15-16]。但是,在低氨氮城市污水中利用Anammox包埋填料脱氮的研究较少。因此,Anammox包埋填料在城市污水条件下的CANON工艺脱氮特性有待进一步研究。
本研究以除碳后的生活污水作为进水,考察了高氨氮废水处理系统中成熟的AnGS及其Anammox包埋填料在生活污水CANON工艺脱氮中的启动,研究了溶解氧(DO)浓度对包埋填料CANON工艺脱氮性能的影响,利用高通量16S rRNA基因测序分析了包埋填料的菌群结构,探究了包埋AnGS用于城市污水CANON工艺脱氮的可行性。
包埋厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的生活污水CANON工艺脱氮特性
Nitrogen removal characteristics of immobilization of Anammox granular sludge in domestic sewage CANON process
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摘要: 为实现厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)包埋填料在城市污水中的稳定脱氮,以除碳后的生活污水作为进水,通过间歇曝气的运行方式,研究了高氨氮废水处理系统中的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(AnGS)及利用其制成的Anammox包埋填料在生活污水CANON工艺中的脱氮性能及微生物群落结构。结果表明,在生活污水CANON工艺启动过程中,AnGS系统的氨氮去除率和总氮去除率最高分别仅为65.9%和59.3%,而包埋填料后在启动仅10 d后,氨氮去除率和总氮去除率分别可达98.9%和72.4%以上,同时出水NH4+-N和TN均能满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)》中一级A的排放要求。提高曝气阶段的DO质量浓度(2.9~3.1 mg·L−1提升到3.9~4.1 mg·L−1)会导致包埋填料出水NO3−-N 质量浓度增长至9.7~11.1 mg·L−1,从而破坏CANON工艺中的短程硝化导致出水总氮不达标。但将DO浓度恢复后,包埋填料CANON工艺的脱氮效果能够恢复。运行后的包埋填料中AAOB主要菌属Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Brocadia的占比为21.11%和1.04%,同时NOB主要菌属为Nitrospira,占比仅为0.53%,包埋填料在生活污水中能够保持AAOB菌群优势并有效抑制NOB的增长,因此将包埋固定化技术用于城市污水CANON工艺脱氮中具有广阔的前景。
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关键词:
- 厌氧氨氧化(Anammox) /
- 固定化 /
- CANON /
- 微生物群落结构 /
- 生活污水
Abstract: In order to achieve the stable nitrogen removal of Anammox immobilized filler in domestic sewage, the decarbonized domestic sewage was used as the feed water, the aeration method was intermittent aeration, the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge (AnGS) in the high ammonia wastewater treatment system and the Anammox immobilized filler made of AnGS in the CANON process of municipal wastewater were studied. The results showed that during the start-up of the CANON process of domestic sewage, the highest removal rates of ammonia and total nitrogen in the AnGS system were only 65.9% and 59.3%, respectively. After 10 days of start-up of the immobilized filler, the removal rates of ammonia and total nitrogen could reach over 98.9% and 72.4%, respectively, and the effluent NH4+-N and TN could meet the discharge requirements of level A in the “Emission Standard for Pollutants for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918-2002)”. Increasing the DO concentration in the aeration stage (from 2.9~3.1 mg·L−1 to 3.9~4.1 mg·L−1) resulted in the increase of the effluent NO3−-N of the immobilized filler to 9.7~11.1 mg·L−1, thus the short-cut nitrification of the CANON process was destroyed and the effluent total nitrogen did not meet the standard accordingly. However, after the DO concentration was returned to previous value, the nitrogen removal effect of the immobilized filler CANON process could recover. After the immobilized filler operation, the main AAOB bacteria were Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia, accounted for 21.11% and 1.04%, respectively, while the main NOB bacterium was Nitrospira, accounting for only 0.53%. Immobilized filler can maintain the advantages of the AAOB flora in domestic sewage and inhibit the growth of NOB, so the immobilization technology has broad prospects for the nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by CANON process. -
表 1 CANON反应器进水水质指标
Table 1. Characteristics of the influent of CANON reactor
统计值 碳氮质量浓度/(mg·L−1) C/N比 pH COD TN NH4+-N NO2−-N NO3−-N 范围 43.2~61.5 52.0~69.2 46.2~64.7 0.2~0.7 0.2~1.1 0.9~1.5 7.7~7.9 平均值 56.8 59.9 55.2 0.4 0.9 1.2 7.8 表 2 微生物多样性评估
Table 2. Microbial diversity assessment
样本名称 序列数 OUT数 ACE指数 Chao1指数 Simpson指数 S0 55 901 1 395 1 705.56 1 624.73 0.12 S1 41 417 2 621 19 118.57 10 527.83 0.06 -
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