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近年来,随着药物与个人护理用品 (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs)大量使用,水环境中PPCPs及其代谢产物对淡水生态系统构成潜在威胁。布洛芬作为一种非甾体抗炎药,广泛应用于高烧、炎症和风湿病等疾病的治疗,是世界上消耗最多的PPCPs之一[1]。成人摄入的布洛芬往往只有20%被机体利用,其余则通过汗液或排泄物进入水环境[2-3]。制药行业生产废水布洛芬质量浓度甚至高达200 mg·L−1,而传统的污水处理工艺无法有效的去除水中布洛芬,河流和湖泊等地表水体中布洛芬检出浓度越来越高[4-5]。生物长期暴露于布洛芬的环境,其中枢神经系统[6]、心血管[7]、肾脏[8]等会受到损伤。因此,研究水中布洛芬有效去除方法具有一定的迫切性。
微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells, MFCs)通过阳极微生物代谢,将污染物蕴含的化学能转化为电能,实现废水资源化,具有成本低,无二次污染等特点[9]。严伟富等[10]研究表明,在132 h内MFCs对水中10 mg·L−1的氧四环素去除率可达99.0%。邓经惠[11]发现沉积物MFCs对沉积物中磺胺甲恶唑去除率高达80%以上。李峰等[12]研究表明,MFCs闭路运行模式下盐酸环丙沙星与磺胺甲恶唑的去除率均显著高于开路运行模式(p < 0.05)。目前,对于水中布洛芬的去除更多集中在厌氧生物法[13]、光催化法[14]和高级氧化技术等[15]。使用MFCs处理含布洛芬废水能够拓展布洛芬废水处理方法,对布洛芬废水资源化具有重要意义。本研究构建了双室MFCs处理含布洛芬废水,探讨了MFCs以布洛芬作为底物的产电性能,分析了阳极生物膜微生物的群落结构及功能基因组成,为微生物电化学法处理布洛芬废水提供参考。
MFCs降解布洛芬性能及电极生物膜宏基因组分析
Ibuprofen degradation in MFCs and metagenomics analysis of electrode biofilms
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摘要: 布洛芬作为一种高性价比消炎药被大量使用,环境中布洛芬浓度升高易引起抗生素抗性基因污染等环境问题。本研究构建了双室微生物燃料电池(MFCs)以去除水中布洛芬,分析了阳极生物膜微生物群落结构并注释了基因功能。结果表明,MFCs阳极微生物以10 mg·L-1布洛芬作为唯一碳源,外接1 000 Ω电阻,输出电压约为0.60 V,运行至108 h时布洛芬去除率达85.33%,是对照厌氧生物处理的3.18倍。微生物群落结构分析结果表明,MFCs阳极生物膜微生物群落结构与传统厌氧生物膜差异显著,Proteobacteria在阳极生物膜相对丰度高达83.57%,而对照组中仅为60.52%,Pusillimonas、Burkholderia、Agrobacterium、Martelella及Ruegeria在属水平相对丰度也高于对照组。代谢通路分析结果表明,环境信息处理通路在MFCs阳极微生物显著增强,其碳代谢及氮代谢基因数量分别高于对照组9.02%和28.58%。Abstract: Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high performance and low price. The increase of ibuprofen concentration in the environment is easy to cause environmental problems such as resistance gene contamination. In this study, dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed to remove ibuprofen from water, and metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community structures and annotate functional genes of anodic biofilm. The results showed that the maximum voltage was about 0.60 V generated from MFCs when anodic microbes took ibuprofen as the sole carbon source and the external resistance was 1 000 Ω, and ibuprofen removal efficiency reached to 85.33% at 108h of MFCs running, which was 3.18 times of the anaerobic control group. Compared with the traditional anaerobic method, the composition of the microbial community in the anodic biofilm also changed significantly. At phyla level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was 83.57% in anodic biofilm, which was just 60.52% in control group. At genus level, the relative abundance of Pusillimonas, Burkholderia, Agrobacterium, Martelella and Ruegeria was also higher than that in control group. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the environmental information processing pathway was significantly enhanced in anodic biofilm microorganisms, and the genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism were 9.02% and 28.58% higher than those of control group, respectively.
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Key words:
- ibuprofen /
- microbial fuel cells /
- metagenomics /
- microbial community /
- functional genes
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表 1 KEGG注释统计
Table 1. Annotation summary of KEGG
实验组 基因数量 代谢通路 KEGG模块 KO 酶 对照组 24 988 439 447 361 7 115 3 783 MFCs组 27 792 521 443 346 6 174 3 226 -
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