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养殖场排放大量的猪场废水含有大量有机物、氮、磷等营养物质,若不加以有效处理,会对周围生态环境造成危害[1-2]。目前对于猪场废水较为常见的处理方式是厌氧发酵处理,但厌氧发酵仅能去除有机物,不能有效去除其中的氮、磷等营养物,因此,猪场沼液普遍呈现出高氨氮(NH4+-N≥400 mg·L−1)、低碳氮比(C/N<3)的特点[3-4]。传统的硝化反硝化工艺在针对猪场沼液脱氮时,反硝化作用对碳源的需求无法得到满足而致使其脱氮效率低[5-6]。不少学者探索采用新型自养脱氮工艺提升对猪场沼液脱氮的处理效果,其总氮去除率可达40%~70%,但其存在启动时间过长,运行管理不便,能耗高和除磷效果差等缺点[3,7]。因此,针对猪场沼液处理中高效脱氮除磷除碳的需求,开发低能耗、高效率的新型工艺迫在眉睫。
曝气生物滤池(biological aerated filter, BAF)是一种集吸附、氧化和过滤于一体的新型膜生物处理工艺,广泛应用于污水处理中[8]。目前传统曝气生物滤池常用的滤料包括沸石、陶粒、焦炭、石英砂、活性炭等[9],但传统滤料存在耐冲击负荷差、脱氮除磷功能微生物富集效果较差等问题[10]。因此,滤料的选择关系着反应器启动、运行的稳定性及除污性能。活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber, ACF)由有机纤维经高温炭化、活化制备而成,呈现纤维状,其具有比表面积大、微孔含量及容量高、吸附再生后仍有较好的吸附效果等特点[11-12],被认为是BAF较为理想的滤料,能较好地富集脱氮除磷功能菌[13-14]。因此,为进一步提高传统BAF脱氮除磷性能,本研究利用生物强化技术,接种课题组前期富集驯化的脱氮除磷功能混合菌泥[7,15],在微曝气条件下启动ACF-BAF。并通过数学模型进行污染物去除动力学模拟,结合启动前后微生物种群组成的变化规律及微生物活性进行脱氮除磷机理探讨,本研究结果可为新型ACF-BAF工艺处理实际猪场沼液提供参考。
脱氮除磷功能菌泥强化低溶解氧ACF-BAF工艺处理猪场沼液效能及微生物种群分析
The performance and microbial community structure of a bioaugmentated ACF-BAF process treating anaerobic digested swine wastewater under low dissolved oxygen condition
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摘要: 猪场沼液是一种高氨氮低C/N比废水,传统工艺处理时启动时间长、运行管理不便、能耗高、总氮难去除且除磷效果差。本研究以活性炭纤维 (activated carbon fiber, ACF)作为曝气生物滤池(biological aerated filter, BAF)的滤料,接种特定的脱氮除磷菌泥,在低溶解氧(DO=(0.6 ± 0.1) mg·L−1)条件下,通过改变进水NH4+-N质量浓度的方式在100 d内成功启动了处理猪场沼液的生物强化ACF-BAF,对其微生物种群组成和功能菌群活性进行了分析,并探讨了其脱氮除磷的机理。结果表明,ACF-BAF启动成功后的NH4+-N、TN、TP和COD的平均去除率分别为61.03%、51.87%、52.58%和77.11%,其对氮、磷的去除负荷分别为0.143 0 kg·(m3·d)−1和0.009 3 kg·(m3·d)−1,均显著高于传统工艺及部分新型工艺。其中NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除过程符合一级动力学方程,TN的去除过程符合二级动力学方程。高通量测序结果表明,处理猪场沼液的ACF-BAF反应系统中存在的与脱氮除磷功能相关菌属有Candidatus_Brocadia(2.22%)、反硝化菌norank_f__NS9_marine_group(4.02%)、Acinetobacter(8.34%)和除磷菌Micropruina (6.09%),norank_f__PHOS-HE36(2.36%)。ACF-BAF系统中脱氮过程以厌氧氨氧化和反硝化途径为主,除磷过程主要为微生物聚磷。将ACF-BAF工艺应用于实际猪场沼液处理,可快速启动并实现高效同步脱氮除磷,节约后续处理成本。
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关键词:
- 猪场沼液 /
- 活性炭纤维(ACF) /
- 曝气生物滤池(BAF) /
- 生物强化 /
- 同步脱氮除磷 /
- 微生物种群
Abstract: Anaerobic digested swine wastewater is a kind of wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen and low C/N ratio, the traditional treatment process has the disadvantages of long start-up time, inconvenient operation and management, high energy consumption, difficult removal of total nitrogen and poor phosphorus removal. In this study, activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used as the filter media of biological aerated filter (BAF), inoculated with specific nitrogen and phosphorus removal bacterial sludge. Under low dissolved oxygen (DO = (0.6 ± 0.1) mg·L-1) conditions, the bioaugmented ACF-BAF was successfully started within 100 d by changing the influent NH4+-N concentration, and the microbial population composition and functional bacterial activity were analyzed, and the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. The results indicated that the average removal rates of NH4+-N, TN, TP and COD were 61.03%, 51.87%, 52.58%, and 77.11%, respectively. The removal loads of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.143 0 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.009 3 kg·(m3·d)-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the conventional process and some new processes. The removal process of NH4+-N, TP and COD could be fitted by the first-order kinetic model, and the TN removal process could be fitted by the second-order kinetic model equation. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the bacteria related to nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the ACF-BAF system were Candidatus_Brocadia(2.22%), norank_f__NS9_marine_group(4.02%), Acinetobacter(8.34%), Micropruina(6.09%), norank_f__PHOS-HE36 (2.36%). The results of activity and contribution rate of bacteria showed that nitrogen removal process in ACF-BAF was realized mainly by anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification, and phosphorus removal process in ACF-BAF was realized mainly microbial phosphorus accumulation. The application of ACF-BAF process treating anaerobic digester liquor of real swine wastewater can realize quick start-up and realize an efficient simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and reduce the follow-up processing cost. -
表 1 脱氮除磷功能菌活性测定条件
Table 1. Test conditions for activity of functional bacteria for nitrogen and phosphorus removal
功能菌 进水指标质量浓度/(mg·L-1) NH4+-N NO2--N NO3--N COD TP DO AnAOB 120 160 0 0 0 0 AOB 140 0 0 0 0 1.0±0.1 NOB 0 120 0 0 0 1.0±0.1 反硝化菌 0 40 60 120 0 0.5±0.1 除磷菌 0 40 60 120 20 1.0±0.1 表 2 污染物去除动力学参数
Table 2. Kinetic model parameters of pollutants removal
污染物指标 零级动力学 一级动力学 二级动力学 k0 R2 k1 R2 k2 R2 NH4+-N 25.896 1 0.961 2 0.081 4 0.998 9 2.492 2×10−4 0.982 1 TN 23.369 5 0.906 4 0.071 0 0.981 4 2.114 0×10−4 0.995 5 TP 1.472 3 0.899 9 0.073 0 0.968 9 3.120 0×10−3 0.930 4 COD 29.196 3 0.945 7 0.114 5 0.990 5 4.244 0×10−4 0.934 0 表 3 多样性指数表
Table 3. Diversity index table
Sample Ace
指数Chao
指数覆盖率/% Shannon
指数Simpson
指数Sobs
指数0# 292.81 302.03 99.8 6 2.04 0.25 243 1# 434.36 435.46 99.7 9 3.23 0.11 356 2# 357.19 355.87 99.8 7 2.98 0.15 312 -
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