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城市污水中的有机物、氮和磷等物质是污水处理厂需要去除的主要污染物[1]。实际上,这些物质亦是能源和资源,若能实现资源化利用,则可解决污水处理厂能耗和成本较高的问题,确保其可持续性发展。因此,城市污水处理需由达标处理向能源回收、资源回收和低碳处理方向转型[2]。大量有机物、氮磷等物质在污水处理过程中进入污泥,故污泥的资源化处理亦成为研究热点[3]。利用厌氧消化技术对其中的有机物进行能源高效回收,再利用厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox)技术对污泥厌氧消化液进行低碳脱氮处理被认为是较为有效的方法[4]。
污泥厌氧消化过程会释放高浓度的磷,产生高含磷的污泥厌氧消化液。LIN等[5]成功开发了厌氧氨氧化-羟基磷酸钙(anammox-hydroxyapatite, anammox-HAP)颗粒污泥技术,实现了高负荷厌氧氨氧化脱氮同步高效磷回收[6]。污泥厌氧消化液的磷酸盐浓度与污水处理厂的除磷工艺密切相关。对于采用化学除磷方法的污水处理厂,其出水中磷酸盐质量浓度一般低于10 mg·L−1;而采用生物除磷方法的污水处理厂,则出水中磷酸盐的质量浓度相对较高[7]。anammox-HAP颗粒污泥技术可实现污泥厌氧消化液的高效脱氮和磷回收[8]。然而,污泥消化液水质差异对anammox-HAP系统磷回收效率会产生影响。MA等[9]通过批次实验研究发现,对于不同磷含量的废水,最适宜的钙投加量是不同的,磷的回收效率亦不相同。
现有研究在探索anammox-HAP系统的脱氮性能和磷回收效率时,主要集中在磷质量浓度较低时(<100 mg·L−1)的性能与表现,而实际污泥厌氧消化液中,磷的质量浓度可超过200 mg ·L−1[8]。本课题组在连续流膨胀颗粒污泥床(expanded granular sludge bed,EGSB)反应器中建立anammox-HAP系统并观察其长期运行特征,考察不同进水磷质量浓度、反应器pH、进水钙磷比(Ca/P)对反应器磷回收效率及污泥特性的影响,以期实现高效脱氮和磷回收,为anammox-HAP工艺应用于污泥厌氧消化液的低碳处理和资源回收提供参考。
污泥消化液的磷浓度对anammox-HAP系统磷回收的影响
Effect of phosphorus concentration in sludge digestion liquid on phosphorus recovery by anammox-HAP
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摘要: 厌氧氨氧化-羟基磷酸钙(anammox-hydroxyapatite, anammox-HAP)技术可实现污泥厌氧消化液高效自养脱氮同步磷回收。污泥厌氧消化液中磷的浓度与污泥性质、厌氧消化过程相关,变化范围很大。为探索anammox-HAP系统中的磷回收效率,通过基于anammox-HAP长期运行的膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器,考察了不同进水磷浓度、pH和钙磷质量比(Ca/P)对磷回收效率及污泥特性的影响。结果表明:进水磷浓度在40~250 mg·L−1时,膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器脱氮性能稳定,总氮去除率可达88.5%;磷回收效率与进水磷浓度、反应器内pH及进水Ca/P密切相关,磷回收效率最高为89.7%;高磷浓度下形成的颗粒污泥,有望实现高效的磷资源利用。本研究可为利用anammox-HAP系统实现磷回收提供参考。Abstract: Anammox-hydroxyapatite (anammox-HAP) process was developed to effectively remove nitrogen and recover phosphorus at the same time from municipal sludge digestion liquid. However, phosphorus concentration in sludge digestion liquid varies greatly with the characteristics of sludge and the digestion process. In this study, the effects of different influent phosphorus concentration, pH value and calcium phosphorus ratio on phosphorus recovery efficiency and granular sludge characteristics were investigated through long-term operation of a continuous flow expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. Results showed that the nitrogen removal performance of the continuous flow EGSB reactor was stable when the influent phosphorus concentration is in the range of 40~250 mg·L−1, and the average total nitrogen removal rate of the reactor reached 88.5%. The recovery efficiency of phosphorus was closely correlated with the influent concentration of phosphorus, the pH value in the reactor and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus. The maximum recovery efficiency of phosphorus was up to 89.7%. Granular sludge formed under high phosphorus concentration is expected to realize efficient recovery of phosphorus. This study can provide reference for phosphorus recovery using the anammox-HAP system.
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Key words:
- sludge digestion liquid /
- phosphorus concentration /
- anammox /
- hydroxyapatite /
- granular sludge
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表 1 反应器运行条件
Table 1. Operational conditions of the reactor
时间/d P
/(mg·L-1)Ca
/(mg·L-1)Ca/P pH 1~42 40 60 1.5 7.2~8.2 43~87 100 150 1.5 7.3~7.7 88~91 100 200 2 7.4~7.7 92~95 100 250 2.5 7.3~7.4 96~108 100 300 3 7.2~7.4 109~126 150 225 1.5 7.1~7.4 127~141 200 300 1.5 7.0~7.7 170~179 250 375 1.5 7.0~7.3 表 2 不同高度EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的组分特征(第178天)
Table 2. Distribution of VSS and HAP in the EGSB reactor at different heights (178th day)
反应器高度/cm TSS
/(g·L-1)VSS /(g·L-1) VSS/TSS 2 350.3 38.17 0.11 12 272.34 35.35 0.13 22 253.71 32.29 0.13 32 237.96 31.74 0.13 42 259.5 32.73 0.13 52 240.91 25.76 0.11 62 220.83 31 0.14 72 209.87 28.59 0.14 -
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