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钴白合金是铜钴矿深加工过程中的副产物,由于钴的存在,使得该合金具有良好的硬度及耐热性[1]。钴白合金的成分基本为钴、铜、铁,其他元素的含量极低[2]。我国可利用的钴矿石资源较少,大部分钴矿石依赖进口[3]。世界上最主要的钴资源是刚果(金)和赞比亚的铜钴矿,一般含钴品位为0.1%~0.5%,高品味的可达到2%~3%。但是,其副产物钴白合金中钴的含量可达10%左右;此外,在钴白合金中,还含有大量的铜、铁等元素,使其具有较高的回收价值[1-5]。
目前,钴白合金的回收处理工艺主要有火法、湿法和微生物浸出等[6]。火法处理的常规工艺为造渣熔炼-浸出工艺[7]。该工艺先通过向钴白合金中掺入碳酸钙等配料,之后再在高温下焙烧,以实现钴、铜与其他杂质金属的分离,最终通过硫酸酸浸得到钴和铜的浸出液。但是,火法处理的能耗较高,操作也相对复杂,而且对有价金属的回收不彻底[8-9]。湿法处理主要有常压氧化酸浸法[10]、加压氧化酸浸法[11]、机械活化-酸浸法[12]、电化学溶解法[13]。相比于火法处理,湿法处理能耗低,但是对于处理设备的要求较高,同时也会产生一定的环境污染。有研究结果表明,使用微生物浸出钴白合金可实现钴、铜的高效回收[14]。胡国宏等[15]使用A.f菌(氧化亚铁硫杆菌)进行钴白合金的浸出,钴和铜的浸出率分别可以达到了99.5%和99.0%,而且浸出率高、成本低。
本研究通过消解分析钴白合金中各种金属的含量,初步估计其资源化利用的价值;并通过梯度实验探究接触浸出和非接触浸出的最佳固液比,以选出最佳工艺的最佳处理条件;最终,通过接触浸出和非接触浸出实验结果的对比分析,探究这2种方法对钴白合金中钴和铜的浸出机理。
基于生物浸提技术的钴白合金中铜和钴的浸出效果及浸出机理
Bioleaching process and mechanism of Cu and Co in cobalt white alloy
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摘要: 钴白合金是铜钴矿深加工过程中的副产物,其中的钴、铜等金属资源具有较高的回收价值。利用3种混合菌体系(At、Af、Lf)浸提钴白合金中的铜和钴,考察了在不同固液比下非接触和接触浸提铜和钴的浸出率并对其浸出机理进行了探究。在非接触浸出1%固液比下,钴的浸出率为100%,浸出浓度为1 356.14 mg·L−1,铜的浸出率为77.42%,浸出浓度为837.19 mg·L−1;在该固液比下循环浸出10次,浸出液中铜和钴的质量浓度分别富集到了7 358.67和12 877.25 mg·L−1。在接触浸出4%固液比下,浸出5 d,钴100%浸出,铜基本留存在残渣中。通过对比生物淋滤中的接触浸出和非接触浸出实验的浸出渣中铜和钴的赋存形态可知,钴白合金中钴的浸出机理为生物酸的直接作用,铜的浸出机理为生物酸和Fe3+的共同作用。而在有细菌参与的浸出体系内,存在着铜的浸出消耗导致Fe3+转化成Fe2+和细菌又将Fe2+转化成Fe3+的循环。利用生物浸出循环富集工艺,可高效回收钴白合金中的铜和钴。Abstract: The three mixed bacterial systems of At, Af and Lf were used to extract copper and cobalt from cobalt white alloy in a non-ferrous metal plant in Henan to investigate the leaching rate and leaching mechanism of copper and cobalt under different contact conditions of non-contact leaching and contact leaching with different solid-liquid ratios. The results showed that under the non-contact leaching with 1% solid-liquid ratio, 100% Co was leached and 77.42% Cu was leached, and their leaching mass concentration were 1356.14 and 837.19 mg·L−1, respectively. After 10 cycles of leaching, the concentrations of copper and cobalt in the final leaching solution were 7 358.67 mg·L−1 and 12 877.25 mg·L−1. After 5 days of contact leaching with 4% solid-liquid ratio, 100% cobalt was leached, while copper basically remained in the residue, which can provide a reference for the stepwise leaching of cobalt white alloy. Comparing the occurrence of copper and cobalt in the leaching residue of the contact leaching and non-contact leaching experiments in biological leaching, it is determined that the leaching of cobalt in cobalt white alloy is the direct effect of biological acid, and the leaching mechanism of copper is the common combination of biological acid and Fe3+ effect. In the leaching system with the participation of bacteria, there is a cycle in which copper leaching consumes Fe3+ and converts Fe3+ into Fe2+ and bacteria convert Fe2+ into Fe3+. The use of biological leaching cycle enrichment technology provides a reference for the efficient recovery of copper and cobalt in cobalt white alloy.
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Key words:
- bioleaching /
- cobalt white alloy /
- cyclic enrichment /
- toxic leaching /
- stepwise extraction
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表 1 钴白合金中的金属元素种类及含量
Table 1. Types and contents of metal elements in cobalt white alloy
% Cu Co Fe Ni Mn Zn As 10.81 13.60 20.53 0.37 0.37 0.08 0.01 -
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