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旋风分离器是一种常见的预除尘设备,广泛应用于环境工程、石油化工等领域。气流进入旋风分离器后先旋转向下运动,产生离心力并将颗粒甩向壁面使其被捕集后进入灰斗;灰斗中的气体反向向上旋转,而颗粒物最终沿着溢流管被排出[1]。
常见旋风分离器为单入口,因此入口结构本身在几何上不具备对称性。若入口不对称,会导致其内部流场不完全对称,从而影响旋风分离器的性能[2-3]。许多学者通过实验和数值模拟研究了对称多入口结构的旋风分离器,结果表明,该结构能提高流场的对称性和稳定性,从而提高气固分离效率[4-8]。而对于对称多入口结构的设计,目前尚未形成统一的标准或规范。
在设计多入口旋风分离器时,通常应保持入口流量和流速不变。这是因为实际应用的时候风量通常由前端决定,故入口流量应保持不变;而为了保证旋风分离器内部的旋流数和雷诺数不变,流速也应保持不变。因此,在入口流量和流速不变的前提下,入口总面积保持一定。对于多入口旋风分离器的设计,每一单个入口的面积则相应缩小。由于颗粒在入口时的位置会影响分离效率[9],所以,本研究采用数值模拟方法深入分析在设计多入口结构时,入口位置对旋风分离器流场和性能的影响,以确定较高分离效率下的最佳入口位置,以期为具体工程中多入口旋风分离器的设计提供参考。
入口位置对多入口旋风分离器性能的影响
Effect of inlet position on the performance of a multi-inlet gas cyclone
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摘要: 对称多入口结构有助于提高旋风分离器的性能,但入口位置的选择尚无明确的规范。在Lapple型旋风分离器的基础上,设计了4种不同入口位置的四入口旋风分离器,并采用数值模拟方法研究了入口位置对于其流场和分离性能的影响。结果表明:当入口在径向外侧时,切向速度能够保持稳定,短路流量占比较低,此时压降较低,分离效率较高;而当入口在径向内侧时,切向速度会降低,短路流量占比增大,此时压降降低,分离效率也大幅下降。入口在轴向方向的位置对于流场和性能的影响并不明显,而径向外侧、轴向上方的入口设计为最优方案。Abstract: Symmetrical multi-inlet structure can improve the performance of gas cyclone, but there is no clear specification for the choice of inlet location. Based on the Lapple cyclone, four quadruple-inlet cyclones with different inlet positions were designed in this study. The influence of the inlet position on its flow field and separation performance of the cyclones was studied using numerical simulation methods. Results show that when the inlet is radially outward, the tangential velocity can be kept stable, the short-circuiting flow rate is small, the pressure drop is low, and the separation efficiency is high. When the inlet is radially inward, the tangential velocity decreases, the short-circuiting flow rate increases, the pressure drop decreases, and the separation efficiency also decreases significantly. The effect of the position of the inlet in the axial direction on the flow field and separation performance is not significant. The inlet that is radially outward and axially upward is found to be the optimal design.
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Key words:
- gas cyclone /
- dust removal /
- multiple inlet /
- inlet position /
- numerical simulation /
- flow field
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