-
含氧阴离子是水环境中广泛存在的对水生动植物及水生态产生重要影响的一些非金属离子及一些重金属离子的总称,其统一的化学表示为
${\rm{XO}}_n^{m - }$ ,其中${\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }$ 和${\rm{AsO}}_4^{3 - }$ 是水环境中典型的含氧阴离子[1-4]。金属水合氧化物吸附剂材料,如FeOOH[5-7]、Al(OH)3[8-10]、TiO2[11]、ZrO2[12]、Zr(OH)4[13-14]和La(OH)3[15]等,因其具有高效的含氧酸阴离子吸附性能而受到广泛关注,特别是近年来金属复合材料的增强吸附机制已成为环境材料领域的研究热点。与单一组分金属水合氧化物相比,某些双金属及多金属复合材料拥有更好的含氧酸阴离子吸附性能[2, 16-27]。有研究[16, 20, 23, 27]表明,这些金属复合材料对含氧阴离子吸附性能具有特定的最优金属比,或通过物理混合物对比证实了金属复合材料的吸附增强特性[18]。前期对镧锆复合金属材料吸附研究提出金属离子掺杂电子结构调控增强吸附[28],但是金属复合材料的吸附增强机制尚待深入研究。另外,通过对比研究发现,上述材料中的镧(La)和锆(Zr)等前过渡金属材料表现出比铁(Fe)等后过渡金属更为突出的含氧阴离子吸附性能,而且这些过渡金属材料的含氧阴离子高效吸附特性在一些特定反应过程中蕴藏着潜在的规律,如析氧反应(OER)和氧还原反应(ORR)等[29-31]。这些研究[29-31]提出,过渡金属3d与O2p的σ*反键轨道电子填充度,即eg描述符,用以揭示过渡金属材料的OER和ORR电催化活性,但过渡金属水合物的形成机制及其对含氧阴离子的作用机制仍待深入研究。本研究的主要目标为:采用统一合成方法制备系列过渡金属水合氧化物及其复合材料;研究过渡金属水合氧化物对典型含氧酸阴离子的吸附效能;探讨过渡金属水合氧化物的形成机制和过渡金属水合氧化物及其复合材料对含氧阴离子的吸附机制,以期为后续过渡金属水合氧化物材料开发及其对含氧阴离子吸附过程及调控机制等研究提供理论支持。
Fe-Ni、Fe-Zr水合氧化物的掺杂特征及其对${{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$ 和${{\rm{AsO}}_4^{3 - }}$ 的吸附机制
Doping characteristics of Fe-Ni and Fe-Zr hydroxides and their adsorption mechanisms towards aqueous ${{\bf{PO}}_{\bf{4}}^{{\bf{3 - }}}}$ and ${{\bf{AsO}}_{\bf{4}}^{{\bf{3 -}} }}$ anions
-
摘要: 水中含氧阴离子的高效去除是水质净化领域的研究前沿和热点之一。以地球上含量丰富的、具有代表性的3d过渡金属Fe、Ni和前4d过渡金属Zr的金属盐为前驱物,采用水热法,制备了过渡金属的水合氧化物及Fe-Ni和Fe-Zr复合水合氧化物,并以磷酸根和砷酸根为目标污染物,评价了这些过渡金属的水合氧化物及Fe-Ni和Fe-Zr复合材料的吸附性能。结果表明:Fe-Ni复合材料吸附性能优于单一材料,Fe-Zr复合材料的吸附性能归因于Zr的本征吸附活性;少量Ni或Zr的掺杂可显著调控过渡金属d电子态,Fe和Ni在晶体晶格中相互掺杂形成Fe-Ni复合氧化物,而Fe-Zr复合材料中FeOH和ZrOH以混合的晶粒形式存在。综合上述结果,Fe-Ni和Fe-Zr水合氧化物不同的掺杂特征是造成复合吸附材料对含氧阴离子吸附效能差异的根本原因。Abstract: The efficient removal of aqueous oxyanions is one of the forefronts and hotspot research in the field of water purification. In this study, metal salts of the earth's rich and representative 3d transition metals Fe, Ni and the first 4d transition metal Zr elements were taken as precursors, the hydroxides of these transition metals and Fe-Ni and Fe-Zr composite hydroxides were prepared by hydrothermal method. Then the oxyanionic adsorption properties of these hydroxide adsorbents were evaluated using phosphate and arsenate as target pollutants. The results showed that the adsorption performance of Fe-Ni composites was better than that of single metallic materials, while the better adsorption performance of Fe-Zr composites could be attributed to the intrinsic adsorption activity of Zr. The doping of a small amount of Ni or Zr could significantly regulate the d electronic state of transition metals in Fe-Ni and Fe-Zr composite hydroxides, where Fe and Ni were doped with each other in the crystal lattice, while FeOH and ZrOH in the Fe-Zr composite material existed as their mixed grains. Further analysis showed that the different doping characteristics of Fe-Ni and Fe-Zr hydroxides were the fundamental reasons for their difference in the adsorption efficiency of aqueous oxyanions.
-
Key words:
- metal hydroxides /
- doping characteristics /
- oxyanions /
- adsorption mechanism
-
表 1 Fe-Ni和Fe-Zr复合金属水合氧化物的
${\bf{PO}}_4^{3 - }$ 和${\bf{AsO}}_4^{3 - }$ 的拟合吸附容量Table 1.
${\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }$ and${\rm{AsO}}_4^{3 - }$ adsorption capacities of the Fe-Ni and Fe-Zr materials材料 ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }$ ${\rm{AsO}}_4^{3 - }$ qm/(mg·g−1) R2 qm/(mg·g−1) R2 FeOH 34.7 0.967 66.7 0.995 FN31 35.0 0.959 69.4 0.971 FN11 36.8 0.891 87.7 0.963 FN13 47.0 0.930 80.0 0.961 NiOH 34.2 0.969 78.5 0.986 FZ31 59.9 0.990 84.0 0.958 FZ11 68.0 0.992 87.0 0.971 FZ13 70.92 0.986 92.6 0.942 ZrOH 73.0 0.983 104.2 0.951 -
[1] 刘晨, 张美一, 潘纲. 超薄水滑石纳米片除磷效果与机理[J]. 环境工程学报, 2018, 12(9): 2446-2456. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201803195 [2] FANG L P, WU B L, LO I M. Fabrication of silica-free superparamagnetic ZrO2@Fe3O4 with enhanced phosphate recovery from sewage: Performance and adsorption mechanism[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 319: 258-267. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.012 [3] 施川, 张盼月, 郭建斌, 等. 污泥生物炭的磷吸附特性[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(12): 7202-7208. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201508021 [4] 晋银佳, 陈享享, 王丰吉, 等. 氨基复合铁氧化物对As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能与机理[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(4): 2025-2033. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201510065 [5] MANNING B A, FENDORF S E, GOLDBERG S. Surface structures and stability of arsenic(III) on goethite: Spectroscopic evidence for inner-sphere complexes[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1998, 32(16): 2383-2388. [6] KIM J, LI W, PHILIPS B L, et al. Phosphate adsorption on the iron oxyhydroxides goethite (α-FeOOH), akaganeite (β-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH): A 31P NMR study[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4: 4298-4305. [7] 崔蒙蒙, 刘锋, 黄天寅, 等. 水铁矿吸附磷酸根的影响因素[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(4): 2285-2290. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201602079 [8] LI W, FENG X, YAN Y, et al. Solid-state NMR spectroscopic study of phosphate sorption mechanisms on aluminum (hydr)oxides[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47: 8308-8315. [9] KAPPEN P, WEBB J. An EXAFS study of arsenic bonding on amorphous aluminium hydroxide[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2013, 31: 79-83. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.12.007 [10] VICENTE I, HUANG P, ANDERSEN F, et al. Phosphate adsorption by fresh and aged aluminum hydroxide: Consequences for lake restoration[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42: 6650-6655. [11] PENA M E, MENG X G, KORFIATIS G P, et al. Adsorption mechanism of arsenic on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(4): 1257-1262. [12] JU X Q, HOU J F, TANG Y Q, et al. ZrO2 nanoparticles confined in CMK-3 as highly effective sorbent for phosphate adsorption[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2016, 230: 188-195. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.05.002 [13] RODRIGUES L A, MASCHIO L J, COPPIO L S C, et al. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide[J]. Environmental Technology, 2012, 33: 1345-1351. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2011.632651 [14] LUO X B, WU X, RENG Z, et al. Enhancement of phosphate adsorption on zirconium hydroxide by ammonium modification[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(34): 9419-9428. [15] XIE J, WANG Z, LU S Y, et al. Removal and recovery of phosphate from water by lanthanum hydroxide materials[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 254: 163-170. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.05.113 [16] XU R, ZHANG M Y, MORTIMER R J G, et al. Enhanced phosphorus locking by novel lanthanum/aluminum hydroxide composite: implications for eutrophication control[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51: 3418-3425. [17] REN Z M, SHAO L N, ZHANG G S. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution using an iron-zirconium binary oxide sorbent[J]. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2012, 223: 4221-4231. [18] LU J B, LIU H J, ZHAO X, et al. Phosphate removal from water using freshly formed Fe-Mn binary oxide: Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2014, 455: 11-18. [19] LIU Y T, HESTERBERG D. Phosphate bonding on noncrystalline Al/Fe-hydroxide coprecipitates[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45: 6283-6289. [20] LI R, WANG J J, ZHOU B, et al. Enhancing phosphate adsorption by Mg/Al layered double hydroxide functionalized biochar with different Mg/Al ratios[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 559: 121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.151 [21] LI J F, GYOTEN H, SONODA A, et al. Removal of trace arsenic to below drinking water standards using a Mn-Fe binary oxide[J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7: 1490-1497. doi: 10.1039/C6RA26806D [22] LI G L, GAO S, ZHANG G S, et al. Enhanced adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by nanostructured iron(III)-copper(II) binary oxides[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 235: 124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.021 [23] GU W, XIE Q, XING M C, et al. Enhanced adsorption of phosphate onto zinc ferrite by incorporating cerium[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2017, 117: 706-714. doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.11.026 [24] DOU X M, ZHANG Y, ZHAO B, et al. Arsenate adsorption on an Fe-Ce bimetal oxide adsorbent: EXAFS study and surface complexation modeling[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2011, 379: 109-115. [25] 杨雪, 陈静, 李秋梅, 等. 新型铁铜铝三元复合氧化物除磷性能与机制研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(2): 501-510. [26] 王建燕, 张传巧, 陈静, 等. 新型铁铜锰复合氧化物颗粒吸附剂As(Ⅲ)吸附行为与机制研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019, 39(8): 2575-2585. [27] SU Y, YANG W Y, SUN W Z, et al. Synthesis of mesoporous cerium-zirconium binary oxide nanoadsorbents by a solvothermal process and their effective adsorption of phosphate from water[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 268: 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.070 [28] XIANG C, WANG H J, JI Q H, et al. Tracking internal electron shuttle using X-ray spectroscopies in La/Zr hydroxide for reconciliation of charge-transfer interaction and coordination toward phosphate[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11: 24699-24706. [29] KUZNETSOV D A, HAN B H, YU Y, et al. Tuning redox transitions via inductive effect in metal oxides and complexes, and implications in oxygen electrocatalysis[J]. Joule, 2018, 2: 225-244. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.014 [30] WANG X Y, GAO X J, QIN L, et al. eg occupancy as an effective descriptor for the catalytic activity of perovskite oxide-based peroxidase mimics[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10: 704. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08657-5 [31] SUNTIVICH J, GASTEIGER H A, YABUUCHI N, et al. Design principles for oxygen-reduction activity on perovskite oxide catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2011, 3: 546-550. doi: 10.1038/nchem.1069 [32] BULAVCHENKO O A, VINOKUROV Z S, AFONASENKO T N, et al. Reduction of mixed Mn-Zr oxides: In situ XPS and XRD studies[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2015, 44: 15499-15507. doi: 10.1039/C5DT01440A [33] YOSHINAGA T, SARUYAMA M, XIONG A, et al. Boosting photocatalytic overall water splitting by Co doping into Mn3O4 nanoparticles as oxygen evolution cocatalysts[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10: 10420-10427. doi: 10.1039/C8NR00377G [34] LEE S, BAI L C, HU X L. Deciphering iron-dependent activity in oxygen evolution catalyzed by nickel iron layered double hydroxide[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(21): 8072-8077. doi: 10.1002/anie.201915803 [35] ZHOU D J, WANG S Y, JIA Y, et al. NiFe hydroxide lattice tensile strain: Enhancement of adsorption of oxygenated intermediates for efficient water oxidation catalysis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 58: 736-740. doi: 10.1002/anie.201809689 [36] WANG Y Y, XIE C, ZHANG Z Y, et al. In situ exfoliated, N-doped, and edge-rich ultrathin layered double hydroxides nanosheets for oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28: 1703363. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201703363 [37] ZHANG M, ZHANG J F, WU Y Q, et al. Insight into the effects of the oxygen species over Ni/ZrO2 catalyst surface on methane reforming with carbon dioxide[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 244: 427-437. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.068 [38] SHANNON R D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides[J]. Acta Crystallographica Section A, 1976, 32: 751-767. doi: 10.1107/S0567739476001551 [39] CHEN J G. NEXAFS investigations of transition metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides and other interstitial compounds[J]. Surface Science Reports, 1997, 30: 1-152. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5729(97)00011-3 [40] SUNTIVICH J, HONG W T, LEE Y L, et al. Estimating hybridization of transition metal and oxygen states in perovskites from O K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118: 1856-1863. doi: 10.1021/jp410644j [41] MEIGHAN M, MACNEIL J, FALCONER R. Determining the solubility product of Fe(OH)3: An equilibrium study with environmental significance[J]. Journal of Chemical Education, 2008, 85: 254-255. doi: 10.1021/ed085p254 [42] WANG Q, CUI M, HOU Y, et al. The effect of precipitation pH on thermal stability and structure of Ce0.35Zr0.55(LaPr)0.1O2 oxides prepared by co-precipitation method[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 712: 431-436. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.105 [43] LI M X, LIU J Y, XU Y F, et al. Phosphate adsorption on metal oxides and metal hydroxides: A comparative review[J]. Environmental Reviews, 2016, 24: 319-132. doi: 10.1139/er-2015-0080