-
面对日益严重的水资源紧缺以及水体富营养化等问题,世界各国对直接排入河流及地下水的处理出水水质标准正在进一步提高。为满足不断提高的污水排放标准,污水处理厂提标改造势在必行。膜生物反应器由于其具有容积负荷高、抗冲击性强、出水水质好等优点,十分适用于出水要求较高或土地资源紧张的现有污水处理工艺的提标改造[1]。此前,有研究人员[2-4]分别尝试了将膜组件与氧化沟、序批式反应器等组合以提高相应工艺的处理效能和出水水质,其运行结果均表明出水水质有明显的提升,均实现了扩能提标的目标,且土地利用效率高,这说明膜组件应用于污水处理厂的提标扩容改造是较为可行的选择。在实际工程运用中,A2O工艺是污水处理厂应用最广泛的工艺,脱氮除磷中存在的基质竞争、泥龄不同的矛盾和反硝化碳源不足等缺点使其处理效率相对较低,其与膜组件的结合对于现有A2O工艺的提标改造受到广泛关注[5-9]。然而,无论是与何种工艺结合,膜组件应用的单元及由此引发的膜通量降低、使用寿命下降一直是限制膜组件广泛运用的主要瓶颈。
已有研究[10]表明,将膜组件运用于A2O工艺不同工段时,其膜污染特性可能存在显著差异。为此,本研究采用三维荧光光谱、红外光谱、分子排阻色谱和恒压膜过滤装置分析了A2O工艺不同阶段混合液的膜污染特性,揭示了不同阶段混合液中悬浮物和溶解性有机物对膜组件的污染机制,为膜组件运用于现有A2O工艺提标改造提供参考。
A2O工艺不同阶段混合液的膜污染特性
Membrane fouling characteristics of the mixed liquids from different stages of A2O process
-
摘要: 为满足日益严苛的排水标准,将A2O工艺叠加膜组件是提高出水水质的有效措施。采用恒压膜通量实验、三维荧光光谱、分子排阻色谱和红外光谱对A2O工艺各阶段混合液的膜污染潜力及其对应的污染物组成进行了分析,从膜污染的角度考察了A2O工艺与膜组件的最优结合形式。结果表明:好氧段混合液的恒压膜通量远高于厌氧和缺氧段的混合液,其溶解性有机物含量最少,且主要为不易发生膜污染的大分子惰性腐殖酸和微生物代谢产物;而厌氧和缺氧混合液中含有大量溶解性有机物,主要为氨基酸、蛋白质类物质,容易引发膜污染。因此,建议在实际工程中将膜组件应用于好氧阶段的泥水分离,不仅能有效提高出水水质, 还能有效降低膜污染。以上结果可为膜组件用于A2O工艺的提标改造提供参考。Abstract: In order to meet the increasingly stringent drainage limits, A2O process combined with membrane module is an effective measure to improve the quality of effluent. In this study, the constant pressure membrane flux test, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, size exclusion chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the membrane fouling potential and compositions of the mixed liquid from each stage of A2O process, the optimal combination of A2O process and membrane module was determined from the membrane fouling point of view. The results showed that the membrane flux of the aerobic mixed liquids was much higher than that of the anaerobic or anoxic mixed liquids, and the dissolved organics in the aerobic mixed liquids was the lowest, which was mainly consisted of the macromolecular inert humic acid and microbial metabolites with low membrane fouling potential. However, the mixed liquids from anaerobic and anoxic stage contained a large amount of dissolved organics, which mainly was amino acid and protein-like substances and easily to cause membrane fouling. Therefore, in practical, the membrane module was preferably applied for the solid-liquid separation in the aerobic stage, which could improve the quality of effluent and effectively reduce membrane fouling. This provides a useful theoretical reference for the application of membrane module in the upgrading of A2O processes.
-
Key words:
- A2O process /
- dissolved organic matter /
- membrane fouling /
- three-dimensional fluorescence /
- humus /
- protein
-
-
[1] BAGHERI M, MIRBAGHERI S A. Critical review of fouling mitigation strategies in membrane bioreactors treating water and wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 258: 318-334. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.026 [2] 张海丁, 夏圣骥, 袁方竹. 生物接触氧化与超滤膜联用工艺研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2018, 44(3): 104-108. [3] 史林威, 刘星, 何旭. 西南地区城市污水处理厂提标扩建思路探讨[J]. 绿色科技, 2018(14): 94-97. [4] 高飞亚, 李金河. Bardenpho+MBR工艺用于污水处理厂的升级改造[J]. 中国给水排水, 2019, 35(6): 134-136. [5] SUN F Q, SUN B, HU J, et al. Organics and nitrogen removal from textile auxiliaries wastewater with A2O-MBR in a pilot-scale[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 286: 416-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.031 [6] 汪浩, 刘操, 马宁, 等. 基于再生水厂提标改造的A2/O-MBR工艺试验研究[J]. 给水排水, 2015, 51(S1): 70-75. [7] 宫必祥, 张刚, 杨永进, 等. A2O/MBR工艺处理城镇污水的中试研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2016, 32(23): 113-116. [8] 王荣昌, 欧阳琛, 司书鹏. 改良型A2/O-MBR工艺的反硝化除磷性能研究[J]. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8(2): 401-407. [9] 冯任驰, 黄冬根, 陈齐全, 等. 连锁控制的A2/O-MBR工艺处理石化社区生活污水[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015, 9(10): 4823-4827. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.20151032 [10] 吴志超, 尹星, 王志伟, 等. A/O-膜生物反应器和A2O系统中有机物分子量分布的对比研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2009, 31(5): 61-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2009.05.017 [11] CHEN W, WESTERHOFF P, LEENHEER J A, et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37(24): 5701-5710. [12] MENG F G, CHAE S R, DREWS A, et al. Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): Membrane fouling and membrane material[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(6): 1489-1512. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.044 [13] 吕晶晶, 张列宇, 席北斗, 等. 人工湿地中水溶性有机物三维荧光光谱特性的分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(8): 2212-2216. doi: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2015)08-2212-05 [14] NEEMANN F, ROSENBERGER S, JEFFERSON B, et al. Non-covalent protein-polysaccharide interactions and their influence on membrane fouling[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 446: 310-317. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.054 [15] 胡以松.A2O-MBR污水处理系统中膜污染物质和行为解析[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2009 [16] TEIXEIRA M R, SOUSA V S. Fouling of nanofiltration membrane: Effects of NOM molecular weight and microcystins[J]. Desalination, 2013, 315: 149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2012.03.012 [17] GUO W S, NGO H H, LI J X. A mini-review on membrane fouling[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 122: 27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.089 [18] LEE E K, CHEN V, FANE A G. Natural organic matter (NOM) fouling in low pressure membrane filtration: Effect of membranes and operation modes[J]. Desalination, 2008, 218(1/2/3): 257-270. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.021 [19] 张小广, 邓慧宇, 陈庆春, 等. 界面聚合制备PEI-SiO2/HBPA纳滤膜及性能研究[J]. 广东化工, 2018, 45(6): 1-5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1865.2018.06.002 [20] 韩芸, 王晓飞, 卓杨, 等. 预处理条件对高含固污泥热水解有机物组分转化的影响[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(4): 1527-1532. [21] 李巍巍. 太湖水体溶解态腐殖质的结构组成及环境效应初探[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2017.