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近年来,由于世界范围内的工业发展,人们越来越重视污染物排放[1-2]。静电除尘器(ESP)作为一种能够有效地从干或湿空气流中去除细微颗粒物的装置[3-4],被广泛应用于各种工业领域生产设施中的尾气处理[5-7],其总体除尘效率超过99%,并且具有效率高、阻力小、适用性强等优点。然而,由于细颗粒携带的电荷较低,传统的静电除尘器对亚微米颗粒的去除率相对较低,而且尺寸较小的颗粒更倾向于与烟气一起运动而被排放到空气中,这些细微颗粒物很可能被人体吸入肺部而引起各种呼吸道疾病,特别是对儿童和老年人造成巨大的健康危害[8-9]。因此,提高静电除尘器对细微颗粒物的捕集性能,使其满足更严格的排放标准,已成为目前亟待解决的问题。
国内外学者对影响静电除尘器除尘效率的因素开展了较深入的研究,而烟气流速作为影响其性能的主要参数一直被广泛关注[10-11]。东明等[12]分析了不同烟气流速下静电除尘器的捕集性能,得出了烟气流速越大,颗粒捕捉效果越差、除尘性能就越低的结论。周海军[13]探究了烟气流速对除尘效率的影响,并对引起烟气流速变化的原因及其最佳选取值进行了深入讨论。为了测试不同环境下烟气流速对ESP除尘性能的影响,沈之旸等[14]针对宽间距ESP内大流量高温烟气中的细微颗粒物进行了研究,揭示了温度和烟气流速等关键因素对细微颗粒物静电捕捉的影响规律。
将磁场引入到ESP中,因其具有良好的性能表现,从而受到了广泛的重视[15-20]。磁分离技术最早应用于工业中金属粒子的分离[21-22],之后将其引入到ESP[17, 20],发现其可以有效地提高除尘效率。孙英浩[23]分析了磁增强电晕放电的放电特性及其对细微颗粒物的荷电机理。米俊锋等[24]比较了磁增强预荷电器和传统预荷电器的荷电效率,揭示了磁增强电晕放电的放电机理。毕业武等[25]研究了磁增强负电晕放电特征,分析了这一过程的放电特性和磁场对极间不同区域的影响。ELABBAS[26]的研究表明,放电电极附近磁场的增强对放电电流的增加有显著影响。ZHANG等[27]发现磁场对静电除尘器的捕集性能的提高具有促进作用。
鉴于上述研究成果,为了更好地展现磁场对ESP颗粒物除尘效率的影响,本研究建立了磁场环境下静电除尘器的多场耦合模型,基于不同的烟气流速,探究ESP中同种颗粒的运动特性和捕集性能,以期揭示磁场的贡献及其规律,并为设计新型ESP提供参考。
不同烟气流速下线板式电除尘器中磁场效应验证
Verification of magnetic field effect in a wire-plate plate electrostatic precipitator at different flue gas velocities
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摘要: 为进一步提高线板式静电除尘器(ESP)的除尘效果、减少细微颗粒物随烟气的逃逸,将磁场引入其中,模拟了特征颗粒粒径2.5 μm、工作电压50 kV条件下的除尘效率,探究了不同烟气流速下磁场对细微颗粒物捕集性能的影响。结果表明:磁场能有效改变带电颗粒的运动轨迹,大幅度提高细微颗粒物的除尘性能;颗粒在低烟气流速条件下,偏向收尘板的趋势更明显,更有利于颗粒物的捕集;外加磁场在高烟气流速时对除尘效率提升作用更显著,且这一提升幅度随着磁感应强度的增大而不断增大并趋于平缓;随着磁感应强度不断减小,烟气流速降低除尘效率的幅度逐步增大,直至无磁场环境时达到最大。以上研究结果可为磁场在静电除尘器的应用提供参考,对改善ESP的除尘性能具有重要意义。Abstract: In order to further improve the dust removal effect of a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and reduce the escape of fine particles with flue gas, the magnetic field was introduced into ESP. The dust removal efficiency was numerically simulated with characteristic particle of 2.5 μm at the working voltage of 50 kV, and the influence of magnetic field on the trapping performance of fine particles at different flue gas velocities was explored. The results showed that the magnetic field could effectively change the trajectory of charged particles and greatly improve the dust removal performance of fine particles. The tendency of particles leaning towards dust collection plate was more obvious under the condition of low flue gas velocity, which is more conducive to the capture of particulate matter. The promotion effect of magnetic field on dust removal efficiency was more significant at high flue gas velocity, and with the increase of magnetic induction intensity, the promotion range continued to increase, then tended to be flat. As the magnetic induction intensity decreased, the decrease range of dust removal efficiency caused by flue gas velocity increased gradually and reached its maximum in the absence of magnetic field. The research results can provide guidance for the application of magnetic field in ESP and have important significance for improving ESP’s dust removal performance.
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