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多孔无机陶瓷膜以其优异的材料稳定性,在石油化工、环保、食品、医药等[1-5]众多领域获得了广泛的应用,已经成为膜领域里发展最迅速、最具应用前景的膜材料之一。但因其弹性小、脆性大等缺点,多孔陶瓷膜必须负载在具有优良抗折强度(> 30 MPa[6-7])、足够大的孔隙率陶瓷膜支撑体上才能使用,故陶瓷膜支撑体的性能研究越来越受到学者们的关注和重视。
降低陶瓷膜支撑体的制备成本是陶瓷膜工业化的关键。添加剂的作用就是降低黄土的烧结温度,促进黄土粒子间的低温烧结与致密化,同时用黄土作为原料代替氧化铝、碳化硅等,更加降低了黄土基陶瓷膜的制备成本。按照添加剂的作用机理可将其分为3类[8-9]:1)与基体发生反应生成液相; 2)与基体生成固溶体的物质; 3)与基体发生固相反应,生成新复合相。固相反应烧结机理可以显著的降低烧结温度,适量烧结助剂的引入,可在基体内形成新相,从而制备出低成本、高强度以及表面性能良好的支撑体[10-12]。王焕平等[13]在Al2O3陶瓷中引入4%的TiO2和2.4%的CuO,TiO2固溶入Al2O3的反应烧结的作用机理是可将烧结激活能降低到54.15 kJ·mol-1。YANG等[14]在碳化硅陶瓷中引入8% SDBS,烧结温度由1 550 ℃降至1 150 ℃,机械强度从6.5 MPa提高到16 MPa,制备出低成本的碳化硅陶瓷支撑体。
本研究为了降低陶瓷膜工业化的成本,在不影响陶瓷膜支撑体基本性能的基础上选用价格低廉的洛川黄土为骨料,以具有促进粒子烧结作用的SDBS为烧结助剂,研究SDBS的添加量对黄土基支撑体的物理、化学以及表观形貌等性能的影响,为膜组件的商品化、产业化提供理论参考。
SDBS添加量对陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响
Effect of SDBS sintering aid on the properties of ceramic membrane support
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摘要: 以洛川黄土为骨料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为烧结助剂,通过滚压成型法和固态粒子烧结法制备黄土陶瓷膜支撑体,采用热稳定性、抗折强度、纯水通量、耐酸碱度、晶相组成的分析及表面形貌的观察对支撑体进行了表征, 并探究SDBS的添加量对陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响。结果表明,SDBS的添加可促进黄土陶瓷膜支撑体的烧结与致密,在烧结温度为1 080 ℃时,SDBS的添加量为5%、抗折强度为40.43 MPa、纯水通量为1 807.71 L·(m2·h·MPa)-1、孔隙率为22.69%、平均孔径为8.17 μm,酸碱腐蚀后质量损失率仅为0.19%与0.10%。SDBS作为作为烧结助剂可生产出成本合理、效果优良的陶瓷膜支撑体。Abstract: In this study, the rolling molding method and solid particle sintering method were used to prepare the tubular porous loess ceramic support with the aggregate of Luochuan loess and the sintering assistant of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). This support was characterized by thermal stability, flexural strength, pure water flux, acid/alkali resistance, analysis of crystal phase composition and observation of surface morphology. The effects of SDBS addition amount on the properties of the ceramic membrane support were investigated. The results showed that SDBS addition could promote the sintering and densification of loess ceramic membrane support. At the sintering temperature of 1 080 ℃ and SDBS content of 5%, the flexural strength, pure water flux, porosity and average pore size of the support were 40.43 MPa, 1 807.71 L·(m2·h·MPa)-1, 17.12% and 8.17 μm, respectively. After acid/alkali corrosion, its weight loss rate was only 0.19% and 0.10%. Therefore, the ceramic membrane support with reasonable cost and good performance could be yielded when SDBS was taken as an additive.
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表 1 黄土的主要化学组成
Table 1. Basic chemical composition of loess
% Si2O Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O Na2O MgO TiO2 56.7 15.6 12.2 6.86 3.54 1.19 2.37 0.92 -
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